chore: ignore package-lock.json, and record why

Work happens on both Windows and Linux, so a committed lockfile would do harm
rather than good here:

- Every dependency in package.json is pinned exactly (no ^ or ~), so a lockfile
  has no floating ranges to guard. A plain `npm install` resolves identically
  without it.
- The lock records platform-specific optional binaries for whichever OS built it
  (@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu vs -win32-x64-msvc, for instance). Committed from
  one platform it is wrong on the other, and `npm ci` refuses rather than
  adapting, since reproducing the recorded tree exactly is its entire purpose.

That is a strict mechanism pointed at the wrong target: it would break installs
across machines while guaranteeing versions that were already exact. Cloning is
rare here, so the reproducibility upside is small and the cross-platform cost is
immediate.

Both .gitignore and README now state the reasoning, including when to revisit (a
dependency loosened to a range, or transitive drift exact pinning cannot control).
Silently ignoring it would have invited the same question again.

Verified: `git check-ignore -v package-lock.json` matches, and a regenerated
lockfile leaves `git status` clean.

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Binary input assets (per README guideline)
+# Audio
+*.mp3
+*.wav
+*.flac
+*.aac
+*.ogg
+*.wma
+*.m4a
+
+# Images
+*.png
+*.jpg
+*.jpeg
+*.gif
+*.webp
+*.svg
+*.bmp
+*.ico
+
+# Fonts
+*.ttf
+*.otf
+*.woff
+*.woff2
+
+# Material video clips
+*.mp4
+*.mov
+*.avi
+*.mkv
+*.webm
+
+# Video output (Remotion out/ + any rendered videos)
+node_modules
+dist
+out
+.env
+
+# Python (helper scripts)
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+.venv/
+
+# Package lock — deliberately NOT tracked.
+# Every dependency in package.json is pinned to an exact version (no ^ or ~), so
+# a lockfile has no floating ranges to guard against. What it would add instead is
+# trouble across machines: the lock captures the resolved tree including
+# platform-specific optional binaries (e.g. @rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu), so a
+# Linux-generated lock is wrong on Windows and vice versa, and `npm ci` refuses
+# outright when the lock and manifest disagree. Revisit this if a dependency is
+# ever loosened to a range or picks up meaningful transitive drift.
+package-lock.json

.prettierrc

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "useTabs": false,
+  "bracketSpacing": true,
+  "tabWidth": 2
+}

ARCHIVE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Archive tags
+
+Tags whose only purpose is to keep a commit reachable after the branch that
+carried it was deleted. Nothing here is active code.
+
+| Tag | Kept because |
+| --- | --- |
+| `archive/feat-bom-generator` | The branch held one commit (`8f860e0`, "BOM generator v2 with hashes") that never landed on `master`. The capability — a content hash per asset — was ported forward to `scripts/bom_gen.py --hash` in `2c6e227`, and the TypeScript file it patched (`scripts/bom-gen.ts`) was deleted in `afe397d`. The tag remains so the original commit is reachable if the port is ever questioned. |
+
+Tags are pushed explicitly (`git push origin archive/<name>`); they are not
+picked up by a plain `git push`.

README.md

@@ -1,24 +1,89 @@
 # Video-related files for NCMR songs
 
-This repo houses the video-related, code-like files for NCMR music videos. 
+This repo houses the code-like files for NCMR music videos. Binary assets live elsewhere.
+
+## Structure
+
+> **Repo state: workspace under construction.** `master` is *not* locked in yet —
+> it is still being assembled as the shared template. Until it is locked, any
+> branching strategy is fine and template/tooling work can land on `master`
+> directly. The branch conventions below describe the intended end state, not a
+> rule currently in force.
+
+### `master` branch — shared template
+
+This branch holds the common scaffolding:
+
+- **Remotion project** — entry point, root component, and a placeholder composition
+- **`scripts/`** — Python toolchain (stdlib only) for subtitles, ffmpeg and asset manifests
+- **Build config** — TypeScript, ESLint, Prettier, Remotion studio
+
+### `src/` vs `scripts/`
+
+Two directories, two jobs:
+
+- **`src/`** — Remotion input only. Everything here is compiled by `tsc`/Remotion
+  and linted by `npm run lint`.
+- **`scripts/`** — operator tooling. Python, standard library only, run directly
+  (`python3 scripts/tools.py --help`). Nothing here is part of the Remotion build.
+
+Keep the boundary sharp: anything the video build compiles belongs in `src/`, and
+anything you run by hand belongs in `scripts/`.
+
+### Song branches
+
+For each song, create a branch `<song-name>/master` (and optionally feature branches
+like `<song-name>/synced-lyrics-remotion`):
+
+```
+git checkout -b <song-name>/master
+```
+
+Copy the shared template into the song branch, then add song-specific files:
+
+```
+mkdir -p <song-name>
+# Place your song-specific compositions, assets manifests, etc.
+```
+
+Once `master` is locked in it remains protected and mostly immutable. Until then,
+song branches are a rehearsal for that end state, not a requirement.
 
 ## Guideline
 
-### gitignored (not tracked here)
-- binary input assets (audio, image, fonts, material video clips if any)
-- video output
+### Git-ignored (not tracked here)
 
-For untracked input assets, a bill of materials listing everything and explaining what each is will be mandatory.  
+- Binary input assets (audio, images, fonts, material video clips)
+- Video output (`out/`, rendered files)
+- `package-lock.json` — see below
 
-### branching rule
+For untracked input assets, a **bill of materials** listing everything and explaining
+what each file is will be mandatory. Keep it as `BOM.md` alongside your song assets.
 
-This repo has specialised local branching rules and will supersede any generic git operation conventions.
+### Why there is no `package-lock.json`
 
-- `master` serves as the minimal template and remain protected and mostly immutable
-  - [Remotion](https://www.remotion.dev/) project scaffolding
-  - `ffmpeg` helper script for baking in `ass` styled subtitles or bypassing the Remotion route (static image + audio)
-  - legacy lrc->srt conversion script
+Deliberate, not an oversight. Work happens on both Windows and Linux, and two
+things make a lockfile a liability here rather than a safeguard:
 
-- for each song, a song root named `<song-name>/master` should be created, for the very least
-  - usually, working on a song root incrementally is the norm and totally acceptable
-  - branches for parallel features (e.g. `<song-name>/synced-lyrics-remotion`, `<song-name>/overlay-ass`) may be created.
+1. **There is nothing for it to pin.** Every dependency in `package.json` is
+   pinned to an exact version — no `^`, no `~`. A plain `npm install` on any
+   machine resolves to the same versions the lockfile would have recorded.
+2. **A lockfile is platform-specific.** It records the resolved tree, including
+   the optional native binaries for whichever OS generated it (`@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu`,
+   `@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc`). Committed from Linux it is wrong on Windows,
+   and `npm ci` refuses outright rather than adapting, since its whole purpose is
+   to reproduce the recorded tree exactly.
+
+So it would be strict about the wrong thing: breaking installs across machines
+while guarding versions that were never floating. Revisit this if a dependency is
+ever loosened to a range, or picks up transitive drift that exact pinning cannot
+control — at that point the lockfile earns its friction.
+
+### Branching
+
+- `master` — minimal template (protected once locked in)
+- `<song>/master` — song-specific work
+- `<song>/<feature>` — parallel features for a song
+
+Once `master` is locked, this repo's branching rules supersede any generic git
+operation conventions. Before that point, use whatever is convenient.

REMOTION-QUICKSTART.md

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# Remotion Quickstart
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- Node.js 18+
+- ffmpeg installed on your system
+
+## Getting started
+
+```bash
+npm install          # install dependencies
+npm run dev          # start Remotion Studio
+```
+
+Remotion Studio opens at **http://localhost:3000** in your browser. If 3000 is already in use, Remotion automatically bumps to 3001, 3002, etc. — watch the terminal output for the actual port number. You can also pin a specific port:
+
+```bash
+npx remotion studio --port=3001
+```
+
+## Commands
+
+| Command              | What it does                                 |
+|----------------------|----------------------------------------------|
+| `npm run dev`        | Starts Remotion Studio (live preview UI)     |
+| `npm run build`      | Bundles the project for production           |
+| `npx remotion render`| Renders a video from the command line        |
+| `npx remotion upgrade` | Upgrades all Remotion packages to latest   |
+
+## Remotion Studio
+
+`npm run dev` starts the Studio — a browser-based editor where you can:
+
+- Preview compositions in real time
+- Scrub through frames
+- Change props and see changes instantly
+- Render videos from the browser
+
+The Studio auto-reloads on file changes. No manual refresh needed.
+
+## Project structure
+
+```
+.
+├── src/                  # Remotion input — compiled by tsc/Remotion
+│   ├── index.ts          # Entry point — calls registerRoot()
+│   ├── Root.tsx          # React root component
+│   └── Composition.tsx   # Composition definitions (placeholder)
+├── scripts/              # Operator tooling — Python, stdlib only
+│   ├── tools.py          # Dispatcher: python3 scripts/tools.py --help
+│   ├── ffmpeg_tools.py   # mux / bake / still / strip / probe
+│   ├── lrc2srt.py        # LRC → SRT
+│   ├── srt2ass.py        # SRT → ASS (the step before baking)
+│   ├── bom_gen.py        # Bill of materials for untracked assets
+│   └── hwprobe.py        # What this machine can actually encode
+├── package.json          # Remotion + React + Tailwind deps
+├── remotion.config.ts    # CLI config (rspack, jpeg output format)
+└── tsconfig.json         # TypeScript (strict, ES2018)
+```
+
+`src/` and `scripts/` do not mix: the former is what the video build compiles, the
+latter is what you run by hand.
+
+## Compositions
+
+Compositions are defined in `src/Composition.tsx`. Each has:
+
+- **id** — unique name
+- **durationInFrames** — length in frames
+- **fps** — frames per second
+- **width/height** — resolution
+
+The placeholder is 1280×720 at 30fps, 60 frames (2 seconds).
+
+## Rendering a video
+
+```bash
+npx remotion render src/index.ts MyComp out/video.mp4
+```
+
+Replace `MyComp` with your composition ID. The output goes to `out/`.
+
+## Next steps
+
+- [Remotion docs](https://www.remotion.dev/docs)
+- [Compositions guide](https://www.remotion.dev/docs/the-introduction-video)
+- [Props guide](https://www.remotion.dev/docs/props)

eslint.config.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { config } from "@remotion/eslint-config-flat";
+
+export default config;

package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{
+  "name": "ncmr-songs-videos",
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "description": "Video production templates for NCMR songs — Remotion project, ffmpeg helpers, and subtitle tools",
+  "private": true,
+  "license": "UNLICENSED",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@remotion/cli": "4.0.522",
+    "@remotion/tailwind-v4": "4.0.522",
+    "react": "19.2.3",
+    "react-dom": "19.2.3",
+    "remotion": "4.0.522",
+    "tailwindcss": "4.0.0"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@remotion/eslint-config-flat": "4.0.522",
+    "@types/react": "19.2.7",
+    "@types/web": "0.0.166",
+    "eslint": "9.19.0",
+    "prettier": "3.8.1",
+    "typescript": "5.9.3"
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "dev": "remotion studio",
+    "build": "remotion bundle",
+    "upgrade": "remotion upgrade",
+    "lint": "eslint src && tsc"
+  },
+  "sideEffects": [
+    "*.css"
+  ]
+}

remotion.config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/**
+ * Note: When using the Node.JS APIs, the config file
+ * doesn't apply. Instead, pass options directly to the APIs.
+ *
+ * All configuration options: https://remotion.dev/docs/config
+ */
+
+import { Config } from "@remotion/cli/config";
+import { enableTailwind } from '@remotion/tailwind-v4';
+
+Config.setRspack(true);
+Config.setVideoImageFormat("jpeg");
+Config.setOverwriteOutput(true);
+Config.overrideBundlerConfig(enableTailwind);

scripts/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+# NCMR songs-videos — tools
+
+Helper scripts for building NCMR song videos: converting lyrics to subtitles,
+burning them in, muxing audio, and working out what this machine can encode.
+
+Everything here is **Python standard library only**. No virtualenv, no install
+step, no dependencies to break in six months. Run them straight from the repo:
+
+```
+python3 scripts/tools.py --help
+```
+
+---
+
+## Quick start
+
+```sh
+cd ~/dev/mikkeli/ncmr-songs-videos
+
+# 1. What can this machine actually encode?
+python3 scripts/tools.py hwprobe
+
+# 2. Lyrics -> subtitles
+python3 scripts/tools.py lrc2srt song.lrc -o song.srt
+python3 scripts/tools.py srt2ass song.srt -o song.ass
+
+# 3. Audio + still image -> a video (the "PV" case)
+python3 scripts/tools.py ffmpeg still cover.png song.flac -o pv.mkv
+
+# 4. Burn the subtitles in, copy the audio through untouched
+python3 scripts/tools.py ffmpeg bake pv.mkv song.ass -o final.mp4 --format flac
+
+# 5. Record what untracked assets went in
+python3 scripts/tools.py bom --dir .
+```
+
+Every subcommand takes `--help`. Every subcommand accepts `--dry-run` (`-n`) to
+print the work it would do without doing it, which is the fastest way to see
+what ffmpeg command you are about to run.
+
+---
+
+## The tools
+
+| Tool | Purpose |
+| --- | --- |
+| `tools.py` | Dispatcher. `python3 scripts/tools.py <tool> [args...]`. |
+| `hwprobe.py` | Report which encoders this machine can really use, and why not. |
+| `lrc2srt.py` | LRC lyrics → SRT subtitles. |
+| `srt2ass.py` | SRT → ASS, for burn-in via ffmpeg's `ass` filter. |
+| `ffmpeg_tools.py` | `mux`, `bake`, `still`, `strip`, `probe` — the ffmpeg wrappers. |
+| `bom_gen.py` | Write a `BOM.yaml` (or `BOM.md`) of a song's untracked assets. |
+| `_common.py` | Shared helpers. Not a command; imported by the rest. |
+
+Each script also runs standalone (`python3 scripts/hwprobe.py`) and can be
+imported as a module. The dispatcher is a convenience, not a requirement.
+
+---
+
+## Hardware encoding
+
+This machine is an **AMD Strix Halo** (Radeon 8060S). There is no NVIDIA card,
+so `nvenc` is unavailable here. What does work is **VA-API** via the Mesa
+`radeonsi` driver:
+
+| Codec | Encoder | Status |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| H.264 | `h264_vaapi` | works |
+| HEVC | `hevc_vaapi` | works |
+| AV1 | `av1_vaapi` | works |
+| H.264/HEVC | `libx264`/`libx265` | software fallback, always available |
+
+`ffmpeg_tools.py` picks a hardware encoder automatically when one is usable and
+falls back to `libx264` when it is not, so the same command works on a machine
+without a usable GPU. Override it when you want to:
+
+```sh
+--video auto      # default: hardware if possible, else software
+--video x264      # force software H.264
+--video x265      # force software HEVC
+--video copy      # no re-encode at all
+--codec hevc      # which hardware codec family to try with --video auto
+--device PATH     # VA-API render node (default /dev/dri/renderD128)
+```
+
+### If hardware encoding stops working
+
+The usual cause is permissions on the DRM render node. `/dev/dri/renderD128` is
+owned by `root:render`, so the user needs to be in the `render` group:
+
+```sh
+getent group render                    # who is in it
+python3 scripts/tools.py hwprobe       # says plainly whether the device opens
+```
+
+Group membership only applies to *new* logins. If `id` shows `render` but
+`hwprobe` still reports the device as unreadable, the running process is holding
+stale credentials — log out and back in, or start the process under the group
+explicitly:
+
+```sh
+sg render -c 'python3 scripts/hwprobe.py'
+```
+
+`hwprobe` never guesses. It opens the device, runs a two-frame test encode
+through each candidate encoder, and reports what actually worked.
+
+```sh
+python3 scripts/tools.py hwprobe --shell   # export-friendly KEY=value output
+```
+
+---
+
+## Subtitles
+
+LRC is the timestamped-lyrics format lyric sites emit; SRT is what most players
+read; ASS is what you need to burn styled text into a video with ffmpeg.
+
+```sh
+python3 scripts/tools.py lrc2srt song.lrc -o song.srt --shift -0.5
+```
+
+`lrc2srt` handles the messy real-world cases: `[mm:ss]`, `[mm:ss.xx]` and
+`[mm:ss.xxx]` timestamps, several timestamps on one line (repeated choruses —
+each becomes its own cue), `[ar:]`/`[ti:]` metadata tags, and blank lines inside
+a cue. The final cue is held for a few seconds rather than dropped; adjust with
+`--tail`. Use `--shift` to nudge everything earlier or later if the lyrics drift
+against the audio.
+
+```sh
+python3 scripts/tools.py srt2ass song.srt -o song.ass --play-res 1920x1080
+```
+
+`srt2ass` converts to ASS and gives ffmpeg something it can burn in. `--play-res`
+sets the script resolution used for font scaling; match it to your video so text
+sizes come out as designed. `--dry-run` prints the ASS to stdout for inspection.
+
+---
+
+## ffmpeg wrappers
+
+Long ffmpeg command lines are easy to get subtly wrong and impossible to
+remember. These wrap the five the project actually needs.
+
+```sh
+# Attach audio to a video-only file; video stream copied, never re-encoded.
+python3 scripts/tools.py ffmpeg mux render.mp4 song.flac -o pv.mkv --format flac
+
+# Burn subtitles into a video.
+python3 scripts/tools.py ffmpeg bake pv.mkv song.ass -o final.mp4 --format flac
+
+# One still image + audio -> a video.
+python3 scripts/tools.py ffmpeg still cover.png song.flac -o pv.mkv --fps 60
+
+# Pull the audio back out as MP3.
+python3 scripts/tools.py ffmpeg strip final.mp4 -o final.mp3
+
+# What is actually in this file?
+python3 scripts/tools.py ffmpeg probe final.mp4
+```
+
+Notes on the choices baked in:
+
+- **`mux` uses `-c:v copy`.** The Remotion render is already encoded; re-encoding
+  it to add audio costs quality and time for nothing. Containers are picked from
+  the output extension.
+- **`--format` presets** are `aac`, `mp3`, `flac`, `opus` and `copy`. `flac` is
+  the default because these are archival masters; use `aac`/`opus` for anything
+  you are actually shipping. `--bitrate` applies to the lossy ones.
+- **`-shortest`** is set where a still image is looped, so the video ends with
+  the audio instead of running on for ever.
+- **`-movflags +faststart`** is set for MP4 output, so the file starts playing
+  before it has fully downloaded.
+
+For anything these do not cover, use `--dry-run` to print the generated command,
+copy it, and edit it — the wrapper is a convenience, not a cage. `hwprobe.py`
+reports what this host can actually encode, so you can tell at a glance whether a
+recipe will need a hardware-specific encoder.
+
+---
+
+## Bill of materials
+
+Binary assets are git-ignored, so a clone does not tell you what went into a
+song. `bom_gen.py` walks the asset directories and records it:
+
+```sh
+python3 scripts/tools.py bom --dir . --format yaml
+```
+
+It writes `BOM.yaml` listing every untracked file under `audio/`, `images/`,
+`fonts/` and `videos/` with its size, plus whatever description you give it. Use
+`--format md` for Markdown, `--format json` for machine-readable output, and
+`-y` to skip the interactive description prompt. If PyYAML is available it is
+used for clean output; otherwise a small built-in writer produces the same
+schema. Neither is required.
+
+Add `--hash` to record a short content hash per file:
+
+```sh
+python3 scripts/tools.py bom --dir . --hash
+```
+
+That is how you answer "has this asset changed since the BOM was written?" —
+sizes stay identical when you re-render a take at the same length, but the hash
+will not. Hashing reads every asset in full, so it is off by default; when you
+only want the inventory, leave it out.
+
+---
+
+## Conventions
+
+- `master` is the shared template. It is intended to freeze once the workspace is
+  finalised; until then, tooling work can land on it directly. Per-song work goes
+  on `<song>/master`, and features on `<song>/<feature>`. See `README.md`.
+- Binary assets stay out of git; the BOM is how you know what was used.
+- Keep new tools in `scripts/`, stdlib only, with a `--dry-run` and `--help`.

scripts/_common.py

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+"""NCMR songs-videos helper toolchain — Python, stdlib only.
+
+Shared plumbing for the repo's helper scripts. Every script in this package is
+runnable as a plain file (``python3 scripts/bom_gen.py``) and as a module
+(``python3 -m scripts.bom_gen``); both work because this package is imported
+either way without needing its parent directory on ``sys.path``.
+
+Nothing outside the standard library is imported anywhere in this package.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import re
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Callable, Iterable, Sequence
+
+__all__ = [
+    "Die",
+    "VERSION",
+    "Report",
+    "find_ffmpeg",
+    "glob_files",
+    "human_size",
+    "report",
+    "run",
+    "subparsers_metavar",
+    "text_table",
+]
+
+VERSION = "0.2.0"
+
+
+class Die(Exception):
+    """Fatal, user-facing error. Caught in ``main()`` and printed to stderr."""
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Console output
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+def _colour_enabled(stream=None) -> bool:
+    stream = stream or sys.stdout
+
+    if os.environ.get("NO_COLOR"):
+        return False
+    if os.environ.get("FORCE_COLOR"):
+        return True
+
+    return hasattr(stream, "isatty") and stream.isatty()
+
+
+def _style(text: str, code: str) -> str:
+    if not _colour_enabled():
+        return text
+
+    return f"\033[{code}m{text}\033[0m"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Report:
+    """Prints user-facing output, with optional ANSI colour when on a TTY."""
+
+    quiet: bool = False
+
+    def _emit(self, message: str, *, err: bool = False) -> None:
+        stream = sys.stderr if err else sys.stdout
+        print(message, file=stream)
+
+    def info(self, message: str = "") -> None:
+        """Ordinary progress output."""
+        self._emit(message)
+
+    def ok(self, message: str) -> None:
+        self._emit(_style(f"✓ {message}", "32"))
+
+    def warn(self, message: str) -> None:
+        self._emit(_style(f"warning: {message}", "33"), err=True)
+
+    def error(self, message: str) -> None:
+        self._emit(_style(f"error: {message}", "31"), err=True)
+
+    def verbose(self, message: str) -> None:
+        if not self.quiet:
+            self._emit(_style(f"  {message}", "2"))
+
+
+#: Default reporter used when a caller doesn't supply one.
+report = Report()
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Formatting helpers
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+_SIZE_UNITS = ("B", "KiB", "MiB", "GiB", "TiB")
+
+# Characters that make a key unquoted-safe in YAML and legible in a table.
+_SAFE_KEY_RE = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z0-9_.\-/]+$")
+
+
+def human_size(num_bytes: int) -> str:
+    """Format a byte count as ``1.5 MiB`` / ``12 B``."""
+    value = float(num_bytes)
+
+    for unit in _SIZE_UNITS[:-1]:
+        if value < 1024:
+            break
+        value /= 1024
+    else:
+        unit = _SIZE_UNITS[-1]
+
+    if unit == "B":
+        return f"{int(value)} B"
+
+    return f"{value:.1f} {unit}"
+
+
+def text_table(headers: Sequence[str], rows: Iterable[Sequence[str]]) -> str:
+    """Render a simple whitespace-aligned table (no boxes, pipe-friendly)."""
+    body = [[str(cell) for cell in row] for row in rows]
+    widths = [len(str(h)) for h in headers]
+
+    for row in body:
+        for i, cell in enumerate(row):
+            if i < len(widths):
+                widths[i] = max(widths[i], len(cell))
+
+    def line(cells: Sequence[str]) -> str:
+        return "  ".join(cell.ljust(widths[i]) for i, cell in enumerate(cells)).rstrip()
+
+    out = [line([str(h) for h in headers])]
+    out.append("  ".join("-" * w for w in widths).rstrip())
+
+    for row in body:
+        out.append(line(row))
+
+    return "\n".join(out)
+
+
+def glob_files(directory: str, suffix: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Sorted list of files directly inside *directory* whose name ends in *suffix*.
+
+    Returns an empty list when the directory does not exist, so callers can treat
+    "no such folder" and "folder is empty" identically.
+    """
+    try:
+        entries = os.listdir(directory)
+    except (FileNotFoundError, NotADirectoryError):
+        return []
+
+    suffix = suffix.lower()
+    found = [
+        os.path.join(directory, name)
+        for name in entries
+        if name.lower().endswith(suffix) and os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory, name))
+    ]
+
+    return sorted(found)
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Subprocess plumbing
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+def run(
+    cmd: Sequence[str],
+    *,
+    report: Report | None = None,
+    check: bool = True,
+    cwd: str | None = None,
+    dry_run: bool = False,
+) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
+    """Run *cmd* with a shell-free argument list, echoing it first.
+
+    ``report`` is the reporter used for the echo; the helper deliberately takes a
+    reporter argument rather than closing over the module-level default so that a
+    ``--quiet`` CLI cannot accidentally echo commands.
+    """
+    log = report or globals()["report"]
+    printable = " ".join(shlex_quote(part) for part in cmd)
+
+    if dry_run:
+        log.info(_style(f"[dry-run] {printable}", "36"))
+        return subprocess.CompletedProcess(list(cmd), 0)
+
+    log.info(_style(f"$ {printable}", "2"))
+
+    # ffmpeg prints its whole build configuration as a banner unless told not to.
+    # Keep it quiet by default, and keep stderr so a failure can be explained.
+    full_cmd = list(cmd)
+    if os.path.basename(full_cmd[0]) in ("ffmpeg", "ffprobe"):
+        full_cmd[1:1] = ["-hide_banner"]
+
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(full_cmd, cwd=cwd, capture_output=True, text=True)
+    except FileNotFoundError as exc:
+        raise Die(f"command not found: {cmd[0]}") from exc
+
+    if result.stdout:
+        sys.stdout.write(result.stdout)
+    if result.stderr:
+        # ffmpeg writes progress to stderr; pass it through so the user still sees
+        # the encode happen, but drop the wall of banner text.
+        sys.stderr.write(result.stderr)
+
+    if check and result.returncode != 0:
+        detail = _last_meaningful_line(result.stderr)
+        suffix = f": {detail}" if detail else ""
+        raise Die(f"{os.path.basename(cmd[0])} failed (exit {result.returncode}){suffix}")
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _last_meaningful_line(text: str | None) -> str:
+    """Pick the most useful line out of ffmpeg's stderr to show in an error."""
+    if not text:
+        return ""
+
+    for line in reversed(text.strip().splitlines()):
+        line = line.strip()
+        if not line:
+            continue
+        # Progress lines start with 'frame=' and overwrite each other.
+        if line.startswith(("frame=", "size=")) or "speed=" in line:
+            continue
+
+        return line
+
+    return ""
+
+
+def shlex_quote(part: str) -> str:
+    """Quote one argv element for display. Local copy keeps the module stdlib-only."""
+    if not part:
+        return "''"
+    if re.fullmatch(r"[A-Za-z0-9_@%+=:,./\-]+", part):
+        return part
+
+    return "'" + part.replace("'", "'\"'\"'") + "'"
+
+
+def find_ffmpeg(override: str | None = None) -> str:
+    """Locate the ``ffmpeg`` binary, or raise :class:`Die` with a useful message."""
+    if override:
+        if os.path.sep in override:
+            if not os.access(override, os.X_OK):
+                raise Die(f"--ffmpeg {override} is not an executable file")
+            return override
+
+        return override  # a bare name; let the OS resolve it on $PATH
+
+    found = shutil.which("ffmpeg")
+    if not found:
+        raise Die("ffmpeg not found on $PATH — install it or pass --ffmpeg /path/to/ffmpeg")
+
+    return found
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# argparse ergonomics
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+def subparsers_metavar(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser, name: str = "mode") -> None:
+    """Stop argparse from printing an unreadable ``{a,b,c}`` in help output.
+
+    Call *after* every subparser has been registered.
+    """
+    for action in parser._actions:
+        if isinstance(action, argparse._SubParsersAction):
+            action.metavar = name
+            action.choices = None  # type: ignore[assignment]  # keep choices working
+
+
+def add_common_arguments(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser, *, suppress_defaults: bool = False) -> None:
+    """Switches every tool in the toolbox understands.
+
+    ``suppress_defaults`` is used when the same switches are also registered on
+    subparsers: it stops the subparser copy from stamping its default over a value
+    the user gave before the mode word.
+    """
+    default_suppress = argparse.SUPPRESS if suppress_defaults else False
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-q",
+        "--quiet",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=default_suppress,
+        help="suppress progress output (errors still go to stderr)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-n",
+        "--dry-run",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=default_suppress,
+        help="print the work that would happen without doing it",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--version",
+        action="version",
+        version=f"%(prog)s {VERSION}",
+    )
+
+
+def add_ffmpeg_argument(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--ffmpeg",
+        metavar="PATH",
+        default=None,
+        help="ffmpeg binary to use (default: whichever is on $PATH)",
+    )
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ReportMixin:
+    """Mixin for subcommand classes that need a reporter and a dry-run flag."""
+
+    report: Report = field(default_factory=Report)
+    dry_run: bool = False
+
+
+def main_wrapper(fn: Callable[[], int | None]) -> Callable[[], int]:
+    """Decorator turning ``Die`` exceptions into a clean exit status."""
+
+    def wrapper() -> int:
+        try:
+            return fn() or 0
+        except Die as exc:
+            report.error(str(exc))
+            return 1
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            report.error("interrupted")
+            return 130
+
+    return wrapper

scripts/bom_gen.py

@@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
+"""Generate a bill of materials for a song's untracked binary assets.
+
+The repo's guideline says every song keeps a ``BOM.md`` (or ``BOM.yaml``)
+listing the untracked input assets and explaining what each file is. This walks
+the conventional asset directories, prompts for a description per file, and
+writes the result.
+
+Stdlib only: the YAML is emitted by hand. If PyYAML happens to be installed it is
+used to *validate* the output, but it is never required.
+
+Usage::
+
+    python3 scripts/bom_gen.py                      # walk ./assets, write BOM.yaml
+    python3 scripts/bom_gen.py path/to/song         # walk a song directory
+    python3 scripts/bom_gen.py --format md          # write BOM.md instead
+    python3 scripts/bom_gen.py --descriptions d.toml  # non-interactive
+    python3 scripts/bom_gen.py --describe-one audio/song.flac
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import hashlib
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+
+if __package__ in (None, ""):
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+    from _common import (  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+        Die,
+        Report,
+        add_common_arguments,
+        human_size,
+        main_wrapper,
+        text_table,
+    )
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from ._common import (
+        Die,
+        Report,
+        add_common_arguments,
+        human_size,
+        main_wrapper,
+        text_table,
+    )
+
+
+#: Directories that hold untracked input assets, with the role we assume.
+ASSET_DIRS: tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] = (
+    ("audio", "Song audio: final mix, instrumental, stems"),
+    ("images", "Cover art, stills, background plates"),
+    ("fonts", "Typefaces used by the subtitles or overlays"),
+    ("videos", "Material video clips"),
+)
+
+#: File extensions that are worth flagging as (probably) not-yet-described.
+_DESCRIPTION_PLACEHOLDER = "<describe this file>"
+
+_BOM_MARKER = "# generated by scripts/bom_gen.py"
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# YAML emission (hand-rolled, stdlib only)
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+#: Characters that force a value to be quoted in YAML.
+_NEEDS_QUOTES = re.compile(r"""[:\{\}\[\],&*#?|<>=!%@`"']|^\s|\s$|^$|^[-?]""")
+
+
+def yaml_scalar(value: str) -> str:
+    """Quote *value* for YAML only when it needs it."""
+    if value.isdigit():
+        return f'"{value}"'  # keep hashes/filenames that look numeric as strings
+
+    if _NEEDS_QUOTES.search(value):
+        escaped = value.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace('"', '\\"')
+
+        return f'"{escaped}"'
+
+    return value
+
+
+def yaml_key(value: str) -> str:
+    """Quote a key that would otherwise be ambiguous (spaces, colons, leading -)."""
+    if _NEEDS_QUOTES.search(value) or value.startswith("-") or value != value.strip():
+        escaped = value.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace('"', '\\"')
+
+        return f'"{escaped}"'
+
+    return value
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Asset discovery
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Asset:
+    path: str  # relative to the BOM root, POSIX separators
+    size: int
+    description: str = ""
+    digest: str = ""  # short content hash, empty when --hash was not requested
+    extra: dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+    @property
+    def directory(self) -> str:
+        return os.path.dirname(self.path).split("/")[0] or "."
+
+
+def file_digest(full: str, *, length: int = 12, chunk: int = 1 << 20) -> str:
+    """Short BLAKE2b content hash, streamed so large assets do not land in RAM.
+
+    Assets here are audio and video files that can run to hundreds of megabytes,
+    so this reads in chunks rather than slurping the whole file. BLAKE2b is in
+    the standard library and is faster than md5 with no collision worries.
+    ``length`` bytes of digest = 3 * length hex characters.
+    """
+    h = hashlib.blake2b(digest_size=length)
+    with open(full, "rb") as fh:
+        while bytes_read := fh.read(chunk):
+            h.update(bytes_read)
+    return h.hexdigest()
+
+
+def walk_assets(
+    root: str,
+    dirs: tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] = ASSET_DIRS,
+    *,
+    hashes: bool = False,
+) -> list[Asset]:
+    """Collect files under each asset directory, sorted by path.
+
+    Hashes are opt-in: they cost a full read of every asset, which is wasted
+    work when you only want the inventory.
+    """
+    assets: list[Asset] = []
+
+    for name, _role in dirs:
+        base = os.path.join(root, name)
+        if not os.path.isdir(base):
+            continue
+
+        for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(base):
+            dirnames.sort()
+            for filename in sorted(filenames):
+                if filename.startswith("."):
+                    continue
+                full = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
+                if not os.path.isfile(full):
+                    continue
+                rel = os.path.relpath(full, root).replace(os.sep, "/")
+                assets.append(
+                    Asset(
+                        path=rel,
+                        size=os.path.getsize(full),
+                        digest=file_digest(full) if hashes else "",
+                    )
+                )
+
+    return assets
+
+
+def load_descriptions(path: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Read a descriptions file: simple ``path = description`` or ``path<tab>desc``.
+
+    A deliberately forgiving format so descriptions can also be pasted in from a
+    spreadsheet. ``#`` starts a comment.
+    """
+    try:
+        with open(path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
+            raw = handle.read()
+    except OSError as exc:
+        raise Die(f"cannot read --descriptions {path}: {exc.strerror}") from exc
+
+    mapping: dict[str, str] = {}
+    for line in raw.splitlines():
+        line = line.strip()
+        if not line or line.startswith("#"):
+            continue
+        if "=" in line:
+            key, _, value = line.partition("=")
+        elif "\t" in line:
+            key, _, value = line.partition("\t")
+        else:
+            continue
+        mapping[key.strip().lstrip("./")] = value.strip()
+
+    return mapping
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Rendering
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+def render_yaml(root: str, assets: list[Asset], *, title: str | None, by_dir: bool) -> str:
+    total = sum(a.size for a in assets)
+    lines = [
+        "---",
+        _BOM_MARKER,
+        f"root: {yaml_scalar(os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(root)) or root)}",
+    ]
+    if title:
+        lines.append(f"title: {yaml_scalar(title)}")
+    lines.append(f"total_files: {len(assets)}")
+    lines.append(f"total_size: {total}")
+    lines.append("")
+
+    if by_dir:
+        for dirname, role in ASSET_DIRS:
+            grouping = [a for a in assets if a.directory == dirname]
+            if not grouping:
+                continue
+            subtotal = sum(a.size for a in grouping)
+            lines.append(f"{yaml_key(dirname)}:")
+            lines.append(f"  role: {yaml_scalar(role)}")
+            lines.append(f"  count: {len(grouping)}")
+            lines.append(f"  size: {subtotal}")
+            lines.append("  files:")
+            for asset in grouping:
+                lines.append(f"    {yaml_key(asset.path)}:")
+                lines.append(f"      size: {asset.size}")
+                if asset.digest:
+                    lines.append(f"      hash: {asset.digest}")
+                lines.append(f"      description: {yaml_scalar(asset.description)}")
+            lines.append("")
+    else:
+        lines.append("files:")
+        for asset in assets:
+            lines.append(f"  {yaml_key(asset.path)}:")
+            lines.append(f"    size: {asset.size}")
+            if asset.digest:
+                lines.append(f"    hash: {asset.digest}")
+            lines.append(f"    description: {yaml_scalar(asset.description)}")
+
+    # Anything under an unrecognised top-level directory still deserves a mention.
+    others = [a for a in assets if a.directory not in {d for d, _ in ASSET_DIRS}]
+    if others:
+        lines.append("")
+        lines.append("unclassified:")
+        for asset in others:
+            lines.append(f"  {yaml_key(asset.path)}:")
+            lines.append(f"    size: {asset.size}")
+            if asset.digest:
+                lines.append(f"    hash: {asset.digest}")
+            lines.append(f"    description: {yaml_scalar(asset.description)}")
+
+    lines.append("...")
+
+    return "\n".join(lines) + "\n"
+
+
+def render_markdown(root: str, assets: list[Asset], *, title: str | None, by_dir: bool) -> str:
+    total = sum(a.size for a in assets)
+    heading = title or os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(root)) or "Untracked assets"
+
+    lines = [
+        f"# Bill of materials — {heading}",
+        "",
+        f"{len(assets)} file(s), {human_size(total)}. Generated by `scripts/bom_gen.py`.",
+        "",
+    ]
+
+    groups: list[tuple[str, list[Asset]]] = []
+    if by_dir:
+        for dirname, _role in ASSET_DIRS:
+            grouping = [a for a in assets if a.directory == dirname]
+            if grouping:
+                groups.append((dirname, grouping))
+        others = [a for a in assets if a.directory not in {d for d, _ in ASSET_DIRS}]
+        if others:
+            groups.append(("unclassified", others))
+    else:
+        groups.append(("files", assets))
+
+    for group_name, grouping in groups:
+        lines.append(f"## {group_name}")
+        lines.append("")
+        # Only carry a hash column when hashes were asked for, so the common
+        # inventory stays narrow enough to read.
+        with_hash = any(asset.digest for asset in grouping)
+        rows = [
+            (
+                f"`{asset.path}`",
+                human_size(asset.size),
+                *( (f"`{asset.digest}`",) if with_hash else () ),
+                asset.description or f"_{_DESCRIPTION_PLACEHOLDER}_",
+            )
+            for asset in grouping
+        ]
+        headers = ("file", "size", "hash", "description") if with_hash else ("file", "size", "description")
+        lines.append(text_table(headers, rows))
+        lines.append("")
+
+    return "\n".join(lines).rstrip() + "\n"
+
+
+def validate_yaml(document: str, report: Report) -> None:
+    """If PyYAML is importable, use it to confirm the emitted document parses."""
+    try:
+        import yaml  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+    except ImportError:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        yaml.safe_load(document)
+    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001 - report whatever PyYAML says
+        report.warn(f"PyYAML could not parse the generated document: {exc}")
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Interactive prompts
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+def prompt_for_descriptions(assets: list[Asset], report: Report) -> None:
+    """Ask for a description per asset. EOF ends prompting and keeps what we have."""
+    if not sys.stdin.isatty():
+        report.warn(
+            "stdin is not a terminal — skipping prompts; "
+            "descriptions left blank (use --descriptions FILE to supply them)"
+        )
+        return
+
+    total = len(assets)
+    report.info(f"Describing {total} file(s). Blank line accepts the current value.\n")
+    report.info("Press Ctrl-C or Ctrl-D to stop early; the BOM is still written.\n")
+
+    try:
+        for i, asset in enumerate(assets, start=1):
+            report.info(f"[{i}/{total}] {asset.path} ({human_size(asset.size)})")
+            try:
+                answer = input("  description: ").strip()
+            except EOFError:
+                report.info("")
+                report.warn("end of input — remaining descriptions left blank")
+                return
+            if answer:
+                asset.description = answer
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        report.info("")
+        report.warn("interrupted — writing the BOM with the descriptions gathered so far")
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# CLI
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+def build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="bom_gen",
+        description="Generate a bill of materials for a song's untracked binary assets.",
+    )
+    add_common_arguments(parser)
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "root",
+        nargs="?",
+        default=".",
+        help="directory holding audio/, images/, fonts/, videos/ (default: .)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-o",
+        "--output",
+        help="output path (default: BOM.yaml or BOM.md in the root directory)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--format",
+        default="yaml",
+        choices=("yaml", "md"),
+        help="output format (default: yaml)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--descriptions",
+        metavar="FILE",
+        help="read 'path = description' lines from FILE instead of prompting",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--no-prompt",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="never prompt; write the inventory with blank descriptions",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--flat",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="list files without grouping them by asset directory",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--hash",
+        dest="hashes",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="record a short content hash per file (reads every asset; slower)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--title",
+        help="song title, recorded in the output header",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--describe-one",
+        metavar="PATH",
+        help="update the description of a single file in an existing BOM",
+    )
+
+    return parser
+
+
+@main_wrapper
+def main() -> int:
+    args = build_parser().parse_args()
+    report = Report(quiet=args.quiet)
+
+    root = os.path.abspath(args.root)
+    if not os.path.isdir(root):
+        raise Die(f"not a directory: {args.root}")
+
+    if args.describe_one:
+        return describe_one(root, args, report)
+
+    assets = walk_assets(root, hashes=args.hashes)
+
+    if not assets:
+        expected = ", ".join(f"{name}/" for name, _ in ASSET_DIRS)
+        report.warn(f"no assets found under {root} (looked in: {expected})")
+        return 1
+
+    if args.descriptions:
+        mapping = load_descriptions(args.descriptions)
+        applied = 0
+        for asset in assets:
+            if asset.path in mapping:
+                asset.description = mapping[asset.path]
+                applied += 1
+        missing = [a.path for a in assets if not a.description]
+        report.verbose(f"applied {applied} description(s) from {args.descriptions}")
+        if missing:
+            report.warn(f"{len(missing)} file(s) have no description in {args.descriptions}")
+    elif not args.no_prompt:
+        prompt_for_descriptions(assets, report)
+
+    renderer = render_markdown if args.format == "md" else render_yaml
+    document = renderer(root, assets, title=args.title, by_dir=not args.flat)
+
+    if args.format == "yaml":
+        validate_yaml(document, report)
+
+    default_name = "BOM.md" if args.format == "md" else "BOM.yaml"
+    output = args.output or os.path.join(root, default_name)
+
+    if args.dry_run:
+        report.info(document)
+        report.info(f"[dry-run] would write {output}")
+        return 0
+
+    with open(output, "w", encoding="utf-8", newline="\n") as handle:
+        handle.write(document)
+
+    total = sum(a.size for a in assets)
+    described = sum(1 for a in assets if a.description)
+    report.ok(f"{output} — {len(assets)} file(s), {human_size(total)}, {described} described")
+
+    if described < len(assets):
+        report.info(f"  {len(assets) - described} file(s) still need a description")
+
+    return 0
+
+
+def describe_one(root: str, args: argparse.Namespace, report: Report) -> int:
+    """Set the description for a single path inside an existing BOM."""
+    target = args.describe_one.lstrip("./")
+    if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(root, target)):
+        raise Die(f"no such asset: {target}")
+
+    output = args.output or os.path.join(root, "BOM.yaml" if args.format == "yaml" else "BOM.md")
+
+    description = args.title or ""  # reused as the description payload for this mode
+    if not description:
+        if not sys.stdin.isatty():
+            raise Die("--describe-one needs a description; pass --title \"...\"")
+        description = input(f"description for {target}: ").strip()
+
+    if not os.path.isfile(output):
+        raise Die(f"no existing BOM at {output}; run without --describe-one first")
+
+    with open(output, "r", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
+        content = handle.read()
+
+    pattern = re.compile(
+        rf"(^[ \t]*{re.escape(target)}:[ \t]*\n"
+        rf"(?:[ \t]+\w+:.*\n)*?"
+        rf"[ \t]+description:[ \t]*)"
+        rf".*$",
+        re.MULTILINE,
+    )
+
+    updated, count = pattern.subn(rf"\g<1>{yaml_scalar(description)}", content)
+
+    if count == 0:
+        raise Die(f"could not find an entry for {target} in {output}")
+
+    if args.dry_run:
+        report.info(f"[dry-run] would set {target} description in {output}")
+        return 0
+
+    with open(output, "w", encoding="utf-8", newline="\n") as handle:
+        handle.write(updated)
+
+    report.ok(f"{target} described in {output}")
+
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())

scripts/ffmpeg_tools.py

@@ -0,0 +1,646 @@
+"""FFmpeg front-end for NCMR song videos.
+
+Wraps the ffmpeg invocations this project actually needs, so the long command
+lines live in one place instead of in shell history and notes files.
+
+Modes:
+
+``mux``     attach an audio track to a video-only render, without re-encoding
+            the video (the Remotion output is video-only; this is step 1)
+``bake``    burn an ASS subtitle file into a video (step 2)
+``still``   build a video from a single image plus audio, for the no-lyrics case
+``strip``   pull an MP3 out of a finished video
+``probe``   print a compact stream summary
+
+Both ``mux`` and ``bake`` can be chained with ``--then-bake``/``--then-mux`` so a
+render goes to finished file in one command.
+
+Usage::
+
+    python3 scripts/ffmpeg_tools.py probe out/pulseraw.mp4
+    python3 scripts/ffmpeg_tools.py mux  out/pulseraw.mp4 song.wav -o raw.mkv --format flac
+    python3 scripts/ffmpeg_tools.py bake raw.mkv subs.ass -o final.mp4
+    python3 scripts/ffmpeg_tools.py still cover.png song.wav -o pv.mkv --fps 60 --format flac
+    python3 scripts/ffmpeg_tools.py strip final.mp4 -o song.mp3
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+if __package__ in (None, ""):
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+    from _common import (  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+        Die,
+        Report,
+        add_common_arguments,
+        add_ffmpeg_argument,
+        find_ffmpeg,
+        main_wrapper,
+        run,
+        text_table,
+    )
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from ._common import (
+        Die,
+        Report,
+        add_common_arguments,
+        add_ffmpeg_argument,
+        find_ffmpeg,
+        main_wrapper,
+        run,
+        text_table,
+    )
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Audio/codec presets
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+#: ``--format`` choices, mapping to the ffmpeg audio arguments to use.
+AUDIO_FORMATS = {
+    # name:     (extension, container args, codec args)
+    "aac": ("mp4", [], ["-c:a", "aac", "-b:a", "320k"]),
+    "mp3": ("mp4", [], ["-c:a", "libmp3lame", "-b:a", "320k"]),
+    "flac": ("mkv", [], ["-c:a", "flac", "-compression_level", "12"]),
+    "opus": ("mkv", [], ["-c:a", "libopus", "-b:a", "192k"]),
+    "copy": (None, [], ["-c:a", "copy"]),
+}
+
+#: ``--video`` choices. ``auto`` picks a hardware encoder when one works.
+VIDEO_ENCODERS = {
+    "auto": None,
+    "x264": ["-c:v", "libx264"],
+    "x265": ["-c:v", "libx265"],
+    "copy": ["-c:v", "copy"],
+}
+
+VAAPI_ENCODERS = {
+    "h264": ["-c:v", "h264_vaapi"],
+    "hevc": ["-c:v", "hevc_vaapi"],
+    "av1": ["-c:v", "av1_vaapi"],
+}
+
+#: Software fallback quality knob, applied only for libx264/libx265.
+X264_QUALITY = ["-preset", "medium", "-crf", "18"]
+
+DEFAULT_DEVICE = "/dev/dri/renderD128"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class HwContext:
+    """Hardware acceleration state: which encoder to use and how to init it."""
+
+    encoder: str
+    device: str | None = None
+    is_vaapi: bool = False
+    note: str = ""
+
+    def input_args(self) -> list[str]:
+        """Args that go before ``-i``."""
+        if self.is_vaapi and self.device:
+            return ["-init_hw_device", f"vaapi=va:{self.device}", "-filter_hw_device", "va"]
+
+        return []
+
+    def filter_suffix(self) -> str:
+        """Filters appended to a user filter chain to move frames onto the GPU."""
+        if self.is_vaapi:
+            return "format=nv12,hwupload"
+
+        return ""
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Encoder selection
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+def _vaapi_device_readable(device: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        fd = os.open(device, os.O_RDWR)
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+
+    os.close(fd)
+
+    return True
+
+
+_DEVICE_CACHE: dict[str, bool] = {}
+
+
+def _encoder_works(ffmpeg: str, encoder: str, extra: list[str], device_key: str = "") -> bool:
+    """Try a two-frame encode. Results are memoised per process.
+
+    VA-API encoders only accept GPU-resident frames, so the probe must upload the
+    test pattern first. Without ``format=nv12,hwupload`` ffmpeg fails with
+    "Function not implemented" even though the encoder works fine — which would
+    make this fall back to software on a machine that has no problem at all.
+    """
+    cache_key = f"{encoder}|{device_key}"
+    if cache_key in _DEVICE_CACHE:
+        return _DEVICE_CACHE[cache_key]
+
+    vf = "format=nv12,hwupload" if encoder.endswith("_vaapi") else None
+
+    cmd = [
+        ffmpeg, "-hide_banner", "-loglevel", "error", *extra,
+        "-f", "lavfi", "-i", "color=c=black:s=256x256:r=30:d=1",
+    ]
+    if vf:
+        cmd += ["-vf", vf]
+    cmd += ["-c:v", encoder, "-frames:v", "2", "-f", "null", "-"]
+
+    try:
+        ok = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, timeout=60).returncode == 0
+    except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
+        ok = False
+
+    _DEVICE_CACHE[cache_key] = ok
+
+    return ok
+
+
+#: Hardware encoders worth trying for each codec family, in preference order.
+HW_ENCODER_CHAIN: dict[str, tuple[tuple[str, str], ...]] = {
+    # codec: ((encoder, init-family), ...)
+    "h264": (("h264_vaapi", "vaapi"), ("h264_nvenc", "nvenc"), ("h264_qsv", "qsv")),
+    "hevc": (("hevc_vaapi", "vaapi"), ("hevc_nvenc", "nvenc"), ("hevc_qsv", "qsv")),
+    "av1": (("av1_vaapi", "vaapi"), ("av1_nvenc", "nvenc"), ("av1_qsv", "qsv")),
+}
+
+
+def pick_acceleration(
+    ffmpeg: str,
+    report: Report,
+    *,
+    video: str = "auto",
+    codec: str = "h264",
+    device: str | None = None,
+    allow_software: bool = True,
+) -> HwContext:
+    """Decide how to encode, honouring an explicit ``--video`` choice."""
+    device = device or os.environ.get("HW_DEVICE") or DEFAULT_DEVICE
+
+    if video == "copy":
+        return HwContext(encoder="copy")
+
+    if video == "auto":
+        chain = HW_ENCODER_CHAIN.get(codec)
+        if chain is None:
+            raise Die(f"unknown --codec {codec!r}")
+
+        attempted: list[str] = []
+
+        for encoder, family in chain:
+            if family == "vaapi":
+                if not _vaapi_device_readable(device):
+                    attempted.append(f"{encoder} (unreadable {device})")
+                    continue
+                init = ["-init_hw_device", f"vaapi=va:{device}", "-filter_hw_device", "va"]
+                if _encoder_works(ffmpeg, encoder, init, device):
+                    return HwContext(
+                        encoder=encoder,
+                        device=device,
+                        is_vaapi=True,
+                        note="hardware (VA-API)",
+                    )
+                attempted.append(f"{encoder} (device rejects it)")
+            else:
+                init = []
+                if _encoder_works(ffmpeg, encoder, init, family):
+                    return HwContext(encoder=encoder, note=f"hardware ({family})")
+                attempted.append(f"{encoder} (unsupported)")
+
+        if not allow_software:
+            raise Die(
+                "no working hardware encoder found and software fallback is disabled; "
+                f"tried {', '.join(attempted)}. Diagnose with: python3 scripts/hwprobe.py"
+            )
+
+        report.verbose(f"no hardware encoder for {codec}: {', '.join(attempted)}")
+
+        return HwContext(encoder="libx264" if codec == "h264" else "libx265", note="software")
+
+    if video in ("x264", "x265"):
+        return HwContext(encoder=VIDEO_ENCODERS[video][1], note=f"software ({video})")
+
+    raise Die(f"unknown --video {video!r}")
+
+
+def video_args(context: HwContext, *, quality: bool = True) -> list[str]:
+    """Encoder arguments for the selected context."""
+    if context.encoder == "copy":
+        return ["-c:v", "copy"]
+
+    args = ["-c:v", context.encoder]
+
+    if context.encoder.startswith("libx") and quality:
+        args += X264_QUALITY
+
+    return args
+
+
+def pix_fmt_args(context: HwContext) -> list[str]:
+    # Other pixel formats come from the VA-API upload filter; without a filter
+    # chain, hardware encoders still need 4:2:0 input.
+    if context.is_vaapi:
+        return []
+
+    return ["-pix_fmt", "yuv420p"]
+
+
+def audio_args(fmt: str) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
+    if fmt not in AUDIO_FORMATS:
+        raise Die(f"unknown --format {fmt!r}; choose from {', '.join(AUDIO_FORMATS)}")
+
+    extension, container, codec = AUDIO_FORMATS[fmt]
+
+    return container + codec, extension or ("")
+
+
+def resolve_output(output: str | None, stem: str, fmt: str, suffix: str) -> str:
+    """Work out the output filename, fixing up the extension for the container."""
+    if output:
+        return output
+
+    extension = AUDIO_FORMATS[fmt][0]
+    if extension and not stem.lower().endswith(f".{extension}"):
+        return f"{stem}{suffix}.{extension}"
+
+    return f"{stem}{suffix}"
+
+
+def build_filter(context: HwContext, *filters: str) -> str | None:
+    """Join filter fragments, appending the VA-API upload step when needed."""
+    parts = [f for f in filters if f]
+    upload = context.filter_suffix()
+
+    if upload:
+        parts.append(upload)
+
+    return ",".join(parts) if parts else None
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Commands
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+def cmd_mux(args: argparse.Namespace, context: HwContext, report: Report) -> int:
+    """Attach audio to a video-only file. Video stream is stream-copied."""
+    codec_args, _ = audio_args(args.format)
+    output = resolve_output(args.output, os.path.splitext(args.input_video)[0], args.format, "_mux")
+
+    filter_chain = build_filter(context, *args.vf) if context.is_vaapi else (",".join(args.vf) or None)
+    video = video_args(context, quality=False) if context.is_vaapi else ["-c:v", "copy"]
+
+    cmd = [
+        args.ffmpeg, "-y",
+        *context.input_args(),
+        "-i", args.input_video,
+        "-i", args.audio,
+        "-map", "0:v:0", "-map", "1:a:0",
+        *video,
+        *codec_args,
+    ]
+
+    if filter_chain:
+        cmd += ["-vf", filter_chain]
+
+    cmd += ["-shortest", output]
+
+    run(cmd, report=report, dry_run=args.dry_run)
+    if not args.dry_run:
+        report.ok(f"muxed -> {output}")
+
+    return 0
+
+
+def cmd_bake(args: argparse.Namespace, context: HwContext, report: Report) -> int:
+    """Burn ASS subtitles into the video stream."""
+    if not os.path.isfile(args.subtitles):
+        raise Die(f"no such subtitle file: {args.subtitles}")
+
+    # libass needs the filename escaped for the filtergraph; ':' and '\' and "'"
+    # all have meaning there.
+    escaped = (
+        args.subtitles.replace("\\", "\\\\")
+        .replace(":", "\\:")
+        .replace("'", r"\'")
+        .replace("[", r"\[")
+        .replace("]", r"\]")
+        .replace(",", r"\,")
+    )
+
+    # Burning subtitles means changing pixels, so the video stream cannot be copied.
+    # Fail early with a clear message instead of letting ffmpeg refuse the filter.
+    if context.encoder == "copy":
+        raise Die(
+            "cannot bake subtitles with --video copy: burning them in requires "
+            "re-encoding. Use --video auto (default) or --video x264."
+        )
+
+    filter_chain = build_filter(context, f"ass={escaped}", *args.vf)
+    output = args.output or _append_suffix(args.input_video, "_sub")
+
+    codec_args, _ = audio_args(args.format) if args.audio_format != "keep" else (["-c:a", "copy"], None)
+
+    cmd = [
+        args.ffmpeg, "-y",
+        *context.input_args(),
+        "-i", args.input_video,
+        "-vf", filter_chain or "null",
+        *video_args(context),
+        *pix_fmt_args(context),
+        *codec_args,
+        "-shortest" if args.shortest else "-map_metadata", "-1",
+        output,
+    ]
+
+    run(cmd, report=report, dry_run=args.dry_run)
+    if not args.dry_run:
+        report.ok(f"subtitles baked -> {output}")
+
+    return 0
+
+
+def cmd_still(args: argparse.Namespace, context: HwContext, report: Report) -> int:
+    """Build a video from one image and one audio file (the no-lyrics render)."""
+    codec_args, _ = audio_args(args.format)
+    output = resolve_output(args.output, os.path.splitext(args.image)[0], args.format, "_pv")
+
+    filters = [f"fps={args.fps}", f"scale={args.width}:{args.height}:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease", "pad=ceil(iw/2)*2:ceil(ih/2)*2"]
+
+    if context.is_vaapi:
+        filter_chain = build_filter(context, *filters)
+        cmd = [args.ffmpeg, "-y", "-loop", "1", "-i", args.image, "-i", args.audio, *context.input_args(), "-vf", filter_chain]
+    else:
+        cmd = [args.ffmpeg, "-y", "-loop", "1", "-i", args.image, "-i", args.audio, "-vf", ",".join(filters)]
+
+    cmd += ["-r", str(args.fps), *video_args(context), *pix_fmt_args(context), *codec_args, "-shortest", output]
+
+    run(cmd, report=report, dry_run=args.dry_run)
+    if not args.dry_run:
+        report.ok(f"still-image video -> {output}")
+
+    return 0
+
+
+def cmd_strip(args: argparse.Namespace, context: HwContext | None, report: Report) -> int:
+    """Extract the audio track as MP3."""
+    output = args.output or os.path.splitext(args.input_video)[0] + ".mp3"
+
+    cmd = [
+        args.ffmpeg, "-y", "-i", args.input_video, "-vn",
+        "-ar", str(args.sample_rate), "-ac", str(args.channels),
+        "-c:a", "libmp3lame", "-b:a", args.bitrate,
+        output,
+    ]
+
+    run(cmd, report=report, dry_run=args.dry_run)
+    if not args.dry_run:
+        report.ok(f"audio -> {output}")
+
+    return 0
+
+
+def cmd_probe(args: argparse.Namespace, context: HwContext | None, report: Report) -> int:
+    """Print a compact stream summary for a media file."""
+    if not os.path.isfile(args.media[0]):
+        raise Die(f"no such file: {args.media[0]}")
+
+    cmd = [
+        "ffprobe" if args.ffmpeg.endswith("ffmpeg") else args.ffmpeg.replace("ffmpeg", "ffprobe"),
+        "-hide_banner", "-loglevel", "error",
+        "-show_entries", "stream=index,codec_type,codec_name,width,height,r_frame_rate,channels,sample_rate,bit_rate",
+        "-show_entries", "format=duration,size,format_name",
+        "-of", "json",
+        *args.media,
+    ]
+
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=60)
+    except OSError as exc:
+        raise Die(f"could not run ffprobe: {exc}") from exc
+
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        raise Die(f"ffprobe failed: {(result.stderr or '').strip()}")
+
+    data = json.loads(result.stdout or "{}")
+
+    rows = []
+    for stream in data.get("streams", []):
+        kind = stream.get("codec_type", "?")
+        if kind == "video":
+            detail = f"{stream.get('width')}x{stream.get('height')} @ {stream.get('r_frame_rate')}"
+        elif kind == "audio":
+            detail = f"{stream.get('channels')}ch @ {stream.get('sample_rate')} Hz"
+        else:
+            detail = ""
+        rows.append((str(stream.get("index", "")), kind, stream.get("codec_name", "?"), detail))
+
+    report.info(text_table(("stream", "type", "codec", "detail"), rows))
+
+    fmt = data.get("format", {})
+    duration = fmt.get("duration")
+    size = fmt.get("size")
+    if duration:
+        report.info(f"\ncontainer: {fmt.get('format_name', '?')}")
+        report.info(f"duration:  {float(duration):.2f}s")
+    if size:
+        report.info(f"size:      {int(size):,} bytes")
+
+    return 0
+
+
+def _append_suffix(path: str, suffix: str) -> str:
+    stem, extension = os.path.splitext(path)
+
+    return f"{stem}{suffix}{extension}"
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# CLI
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+def _add_video_options(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--video",
+        default=None,
+        choices=("auto", "x264", "x265", "copy"),
+        help="video encoder: auto (hardware if possible), x264, x265, or copy (default: auto)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--codec",
+        default=None,
+        choices=("h264", "hevc", "av1"),
+        help="hardware codec family to use when --video auto (default: h264)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--device",
+        default=None,
+        metavar="PATH",
+        help=f"VA-API render node (default: $HW_DEVICE or {DEFAULT_DEVICE})",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--vf",
+        action="append",
+        default=[],
+        metavar="FILTER",
+        help="extra video filter, repeatable (appended after the built-in chain)",
+    )
+
+
+def _add_audio_options(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser, *, default: str = "flac") -> None:
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-f",
+        "--format",
+        default=default,
+        choices=tuple(AUDIO_FORMATS),
+        help=f"audio format preset (default: {default})",
+    )
+
+
+def build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="ffmpeg_tools",
+        description="FFmpeg front-end for NCMR song videos (mux, bake, still, strip, probe).",
+        epilog="Run `%(prog)s hwprobe` for a separate encoder report, or see scripts/hwprobe.py.",
+    )
+    add_common_arguments(parser)
+    add_ffmpeg_argument(parser)
+
+    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="mode", metavar="MODE")
+
+    mux = subparsers.add_parser("mux", help="attach audio to a video-only file, video copied as-is")
+    add_common_arguments(mux, suppress_defaults=True)
+    mux.add_argument("input_video", help="video-only input (e.g. the Remotion render)")
+    mux.add_argument("audio", help="audio input (e.g. the exported song)")
+    mux.add_argument("-o", "--output", help="output path")
+    _add_audio_options(mux)
+    _add_video_options(mux)
+    mux.set_defaults(func=cmd_mux)
+
+    bake = subparsers.add_parser("bake", help="burn an ASS subtitle file into a video")
+    add_common_arguments(bake, suppress_defaults=True)
+    bake.add_argument("input_video", help="input video")
+    bake.add_argument("subtitles", help="ASS subtitle file")
+    bake.add_argument("-o", "--output", help="output path (default: <video>_sub.<ext>)")
+    _add_audio_options(bake, default="aac")
+    bake.add_argument(
+        "--audio-format",
+        default="keep",
+        choices=("keep", *AUDIO_FORMATS),
+        help="re-encode audio to this preset, or keep it as-is (default: keep)",
+    )
+    bake.add_argument("--shortest", action="store_true", help="stop at the shortest stream")
+    _add_video_options(bake)
+    bake.set_defaults(func=cmd_bake)
+
+    still = subparsers.add_parser("still", help="one image + audio -> video")
+    add_common_arguments(still, suppress_defaults=True)
+    still.add_argument("image", help="cover art image")
+    still.add_argument("audio", help="audio file")
+    still.add_argument("-o", "--output", help="output path")
+    still.add_argument("--fps", type=int, default=60, help="frame rate (default: 60)")
+    still.add_argument("--width", type=int, default=1920, help="target width (default: 1920)")
+    still.add_argument("--height", type=int, default=1080, help="target height (default: 1080)")
+    _add_audio_options(still)
+    _add_video_options(still)
+    still.set_defaults(func=cmd_still)
+
+    strip = subparsers.add_parser("strip", help="extract audio from a video as MP3")
+    add_common_arguments(strip, suppress_defaults=True)
+    strip.add_argument("input_video", help="input video")
+    strip.add_argument("-o", "--output", help="output MP3 path")
+    strip.add_argument("--sample-rate", type=int, default=44100, help="(default: 44100)")
+    strip.add_argument("--channels", type=int, default=2, help="(default: 2)")
+    strip.add_argument("--bitrate", default="320k", help="(default: 320k)")
+    strip.set_defaults(func=cmd_strip)
+
+    probe = subparsers.add_parser("probe", help="print a compact stream summary")
+    add_common_arguments(probe, suppress_defaults=True)
+    probe.add_argument("media", nargs=1, help="media file to inspect")
+    probe.set_defaults(func=cmd_probe)
+
+    return parser
+
+
+@main_wrapper
+def main() -> int:
+    parser = build_parser()
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    report = Report(quiet=args.quiet)
+
+    if not getattr(args, "func", None):
+        parser.print_help()
+        return 2
+
+    args.ffmpeg = find_ffmpeg(args.ffmpeg)
+
+    # strip and probe never encode video, so they have no --video/--codec/--device
+    # and no acceleration context to work out.
+    if not hasattr(args, "video"):
+        return args.func(args, None, report)
+
+    # --video/--codec/--device live on the subparsers, so the namespace already
+    # carries whatever was parsed. Supply the documented defaults here rather than
+    # duplicating them across every subparser.
+    video = args.video if args.video is not None else "auto"
+    codec = args.codec if args.codec is not None else "h264"
+    device = args.device or os.environ.get("HW_DEVICE")
+
+    context = pick_acceleration(
+        args.ffmpeg,
+        report,
+        video=video,
+        codec=codec,
+        device=device,
+    )
+
+    if context.note and args.mode != "probe":
+        report.info(f"encoder: {context.encoder} — {context.note}")
+
+    return args.func(args, context, report)
+
+
+def _supplied_options(argv: list[str]) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Map ``--flag`` to its value for flags present on the command line.
+
+    Retained for tests and external callers; ``main`` no longer needs it now that
+    the encoder options are parsed by argparse rather than sniffed out of argv.
+    """
+    supplied: dict[str, str] = {}
+    i = 0
+    while i < len(argv):
+        token = argv[i]
+        if token.startswith("--") and "=" in token:
+            flag, _, value = token.partition("=")
+            supplied[flag] = value
+        elif token.startswith("--"):
+            if i + 1 < len(argv):
+                supplied[token] = argv[i + 1]
+            i += 1
+        i += 1
+
+    return supplied
+
+
+def _decide(flag: str, supplied: dict[str, str], namespace_value, fallback):
+    """Prefer a flag supplied on the command line, then the namespace, then default."""
+    if flag in supplied:
+        return supplied[flag]
+
+    return namespace_value if namespace_value is not None else fallback
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())

scripts/hwprobe.py

@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+"""Detect which video encoders this machine can actually use.
+
+Probes ffmpeg for hardware and software encoders and decides which are usable
+here, then emits either a human-readable report or a shell ``export`` block.
+
+The reference machine has no NVIDIA GPU, so ``*_nvenc`` encoders exist in the
+ffmpeg build but cannot run. Detecting that up front is cheaper than discovering
+it in the middle of a render.
+
+Usage::
+
+    python3 scripts/hwprobe.py                 # human-readable report
+    python3 scripts/hwprobe.py --json          # machine-readable
+    python3 scripts/hwprobe.py --shell         # eval-able export block
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field, asdict
+
+if __package__ in (None, ""):
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+    from _common import (  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+        Die,
+        Report,
+        add_common_arguments,
+        add_ffmpeg_argument,
+        find_ffmpeg,
+        main_wrapper,
+        report as default_report,
+        run,
+        text_table,
+    )
+else:  # pragma: no cover - exercised via `python3 -m scripts.hwprobe`
+    from ._common import (
+        Die,
+        Report,
+        add_common_arguments,
+        add_ffmpeg_argument,
+        find_ffmpeg,
+        main_wrapper,
+        report as default_report,
+        run,
+        text_table,
+    )
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Candidate tables
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+#: Hardware encoder families we know how to enable, keyed by ffmpeg suffix.
+HW_FAMILIES = ("nvenc", "vaapi", "qsv", "amf", "v4l2m2m", "vulkan", "videotoolbox")
+
+#: The encoders worth offering as a "best available" pick, in preference order.
+#: Hardware first, then software fallbacks that always exist in a full build.
+ENCODER_PREFERENCE = (
+    "h264_nvenc",
+    "hevc_nvenc",
+    "av1_nvenc",
+    "h264_qsv",
+    "hevc_qsv",
+    "h264_vaapi",
+    "hevc_vaapi",
+    "av1_vaapi",
+    "h264_amf",
+    "hevc_amf",
+    "h264_v4l2m2m",
+    "hevc_v4l2m2m",
+    "hevc_vulkan",
+    "libx264",
+    "libx265",
+    "libsvtav1",
+    "libvpx-vp9",
+)
+
+#: vaapi/vulkan/qsv devices we look for, in preference order.
+DEVICE_CANDIDATES = (
+    "/dev/dri/renderD128",
+    "/dev/dri/renderD129",
+    "/dev/dri/card0",
+    "/dev/dri/card1",
+)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Encoder:
+    name: str
+    description: str
+
+    @property
+    def family(self) -> str:
+        for family in HW_FAMILIES:
+            if self.name.endswith(f"_{family}"):
+                return family
+
+        return "software"
+
+    @property
+    def is_hardware(self) -> bool:
+        return self.family != "software"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ProbeResult:
+    ffmpeg: str
+    ffmpeg_version: str
+    encoders: list[Encoder] = field(default_factory=list)
+    hwaccels: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    devices: dict[str, bool] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    tested: dict[str, dict] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    #: Encoder families that are compiled in but have no usable device.
+    blocked: dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    recommended: str | None = None
+    notes: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+    def encryptors(self) -> list[Encoder]:
+        return [e for e in self.encoders if e.is_hardware]
+
+
+def parse_encoders(output: str) -> list[Encoder]:
+    """Parse ``ffmpeg -encoders`` output into video encoders only."""
+    encoders: list[Encoder] = []
+
+    for line in output.splitlines():
+        match = re.match(r"^\s*([VAS][\w.]{5})\s+(\S+)\s+(.*\S)\s*$", line)
+        if not match:
+            continue
+
+        flags, name, description = match.groups()
+        if not flags.startswith("V"):
+            continue
+
+        encoders.append(Encoder(name=name, description=description))
+
+    return encoders
+
+
+def parse_hwaccels(output: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Parse ``ffmpeg -hwaccels`` output."""
+    methods: list[str] = []
+    seen_header = False
+
+    for line in output.splitlines():
+        line = line.strip()
+        if not line:
+            continue
+        if line.lower().startswith("hardware acceleration"):
+            seen_header = True
+            continue
+        if seen_header:
+            methods.append(line)
+
+    return methods
+
+
+def probe_devices() -> dict[str, bool]:
+    """Check which DRM devices exist *and* are readable by this process."""
+    found: dict[str, bool] = {}
+
+    for device in DEVICE_CANDIDATES:
+        if not os.path.exists(device):
+            continue
+
+        found[device] = os.access(device, os.R_OK | os.W_OK)
+
+    return found
+
+
+def probe_device_driver(device: str) -> str | None:
+    """Read the kernel driver name backing a DRM node, if sysfs is readable."""
+    node = os.path.basename(device)
+    uevent = f"/sys/class/drm/{node}/device/uevent"
+
+    try:
+        with open(uevent, "r", encoding="utf-8", errors="replace") as handle:
+            content = handle.read()
+    except OSError:
+        return None
+
+    match = re.search(r"^DRIVER=(\S+)", content, re.MULTILINE)
+
+    return match.group(1) if match else None
+
+
+def missing_render_group(devices: dict[str, bool]) -> bool:
+    """True when a DRM device exists but this process cannot open it."""
+    return any(not ok for ok in devices.values())
+
+
+def test_encoder(ffmpeg: str, encoder: str, report: Report, device: str | None = None) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+    """Encode two throwaway frames with *encoder*. Returns (worked, detail)."""
+    cmd = [ffmpeg, "-hide_banner", "-loglevel", "error"]
+
+    if encoder.endswith("_vaapi"):
+        if not device:
+            return False, "no vaapi device available"
+        cmd += [
+            "-init_hw_device", f"vaapi=va:{device}",
+            "-filter_hw_device", "va",
+            "-f", "lavfi",
+            "-i", "color=c=black:s=256x256:r=30:d=1",
+            "-vf", "format=nv12,hwupload",
+        ]
+    elif encoder.endswith("_vulkan"):
+        cmd += ["-f", "lavfi", "-i", "color=c=black:s=256x256:r=30:d=1"]
+    else:
+        cmd += ["-f", "lavfi", "-i", "color=c=black:s=256x256:r=30:d=1"]
+
+    cmd += ["-c:v", encoder, "-frames:v", "2", "-f", "null", "-"]
+
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=60)
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        return False, "timed out after 60s"
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return False, "ffmpeg binary missing"
+
+    if result.returncode == 0:
+        return True, "ok"
+
+    stderr = (result.stderr or "").strip().splitlines()
+
+    return False, stderr[-1] if stderr else f"exit status {result.returncode}"
+
+
+def probe(ffmpeg: str, report: Report, *, test: bool = True) -> ProbeResult:
+    """Gather everything we can learn about this machine's encoders."""
+
+    def capture(args: list[str]) -> str:
+        try:
+            result = subprocess.run(
+                [ffmpeg, "-hide_banner", *args],
+                capture_output=True,
+                text=True,
+                timeout=30,
+            )
+        except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired) as exc:
+            raise Die(f"could not run {ffmpeg}: {exc}") from exc
+
+        return result.stdout
+
+    banner = capture(["-version"])
+    version = banner.splitlines()[0] if banner else "unknown"
+
+    result = ProbeResult(
+        ffmpeg=ffmpeg,
+        ffmpeg_version=version,
+        encoders=parse_encoders(capture(["-encoders"])),
+        hwaccels=parse_hwaccels(capture(["-hwaccels"])),
+        devices=probe_devices(),
+    )
+
+    usable_device = next((d for d, ok in result.devices.items() if ok), None)
+    blocked_families: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+    if usable_device:
+        driver = probe_device_driver(usable_device)
+        if driver:
+            result.notes.append(f"{usable_device} is driven by {driver}")
+    elif result.devices:
+        blocked_families["vaapi"] = "DRM device present but not openable"
+        blocked_families["vulkan"] = "DRM device present but not openable"
+    else:
+        blocked_families["vaapi"] = "no DRM render device found"
+
+    if not test:
+        return result
+
+    for encoder in result.encoders:
+        if not encoder.is_hardware and encoder.name not in ("libx264",):
+            continue
+        if encoder.family in blocked_families:
+            result.tested[encoder.name] = {
+                "ok": False,
+                "detail": blocked_families[encoder.family],
+                "tested": False,
+            }
+            continue
+
+        if encoder.family in ("qsv", "amf", "videotoolbox", "v4l2m2m") and not result.devices:
+            result.tested[encoder.name] = {
+                "ok": False,
+                "detail": "no matching device",
+                "tested": False,
+            }
+            continue
+
+        ok, detail = test_encoder(ffmpeg, encoder.name, report, usable_device)
+        result.tested[encoder.name] = {"ok": ok, "detail": detail, "tested": True}
+
+    for family, reason in blocked_families.items():
+        if any(e.family == family for e in result.encoders):
+            result.blocked[family] = reason
+
+    for name in ENCODER_PREFERENCE:
+        entry = result.tested.get(name)
+        if entry and entry["ok"]:
+            result.recommended = name
+            break
+
+    return result
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Output
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+def render_report(result: ProbeResult) -> str:
+    lines: list[str] = []
+    lines.append(f"ffmpeg   {result.ffmpeg_version}")
+    lines.append(f"binary   {result.ffmpeg}")
+    lines.append("")
+
+    lines.append("DRM devices")
+    if result.devices:
+        for device in sorted(result.devices):
+            ok = result.devices[device]
+            driver = probe_device_driver(device) or "?"
+            state = "readable" if ok else "NOT READABLE"
+            lines.append(f"  {device.ljust(20)} {driver.ljust(8)} {state}")
+    else:
+        lines.append("  none found — hardware encoding is unavailable")
+
+    lines.append("")
+    lines.append(f"hwaccels  {', '.join(result.hwaccels) or '(none)'}")
+    lines.append("")
+
+    hw = result.encryptors()
+    sw = [e for e in result.encoders if not e.is_hardware]
+
+    lines.append(f"Hardware encoders in this build ({len(hw)})")
+    if hw:
+        rows = []
+        for encoder in hw:
+            entry = result.tested.get(encoder.name)
+            if entry is None:
+                verdict = "untested"
+            elif entry["ok"]:
+                verdict = "WORKS"
+            elif not entry.get("tested", True):
+                verdict = "unavailable"
+            else:
+                verdict = "failed"
+            rows.append((encoder.name, encoder.family, verdict))
+        lines.append(text_table(("encoder", "family", "status"), rows))
+    else:
+        lines.append("  none")
+
+    lines.append("")
+    lines.append(f"Software encoders ({len(sw)})")
+    notable = [e for e in sw if e.name in ("libx264", "libx265", "libsvtav1", "libvpx-vp9", "libxvid")]
+    lines.append("  " + (", ".join(e.name for e in notable) or "none"))
+
+    if result.blocked:
+        lines.append("")
+        lines.append("Blocked")
+        for family, reason in sorted(result.blocked.items()):
+            lines.append(f"  {family}: {reason}")
+
+    if result.notes:
+        lines.append("")
+        for note in result.notes:
+            lines.append(f"note: {note}")
+
+    lines.append("")
+    if result.recommended:
+        lines.append(f"recommended  -c:v {result.recommended}")
+    else:
+        lines.append("recommended  (nothing usable detected)")
+
+    if missing_render_group(result.devices):
+        lines.append("")
+        lines.append("hint: a DRM device exists but this user cannot open it.")
+        lines.append("      add the user to the 'render' group and re-login:")
+        lines.append("        sudo usermod -aG render,video $USER")
+
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def render_shell(result: ProbeResult) -> str:
+    """Export block for ``eval \"$(python3 scripts/hwprobe.py --shell)\"``."""
+    device = next((d for d, ok in result.devices.items() if ok), "")
+
+    lines = [
+        "# generated by scripts/hwprobe.py — eval to apply",
+        f"export FFMPEG={result.ffmpeg}",
+    ]
+
+    for encoder in result.encryptors():
+        entry = result.tested.get(encoder.name, {})
+        if entry.get("ok"):
+            lines.append(f"export ENCODER_{encoder.family.upper()}={encoder.name}")
+
+    lines.append(f"export ENCODER={result.recommended or 'libx264'}")
+
+    if device:
+        lines.append(f"export HW_DEVICE={device}")
+
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# CLI
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+def build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="hwprobe",
+        description="Report which ffmpeg encoders this machine can actually use.",
+        epilog=(
+            "Handy:  eval \"$(python3 scripts/hwprobe.py --shell)\"  "
+            "to put the detected encoder in $ENCODER."
+        ),
+    )
+    add_common_arguments(parser)
+    add_ffmpeg_argument(parser)
+
+    parser.add_argument("--json", action="store_true", help="emit JSON instead of text")
+    parser.add_argument("--shell", action="store_true", help="emit an eval-able export block")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--no-test",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="only read ffmpeg's capability lists; do not try encoding",
+    )
+
+    return parser
+
+
+@main_wrapper
+def main() -> int:
+    args = build_parser().parse_args()
+    report = Report(quiet=args.quiet)
+
+    ffmpeg = find_ffmpeg(args.ffmpeg)
+    result = probe(ffmpeg, report, test=not args.no_test)
+
+    if args.json:
+        payload = asdict(result)
+        payload["blocked"] = result.blocked
+        payload["recommended"] = result.recommended
+        print(json.dumps(payload, indent=2))
+    elif args.shell:
+        print(render_shell(result))
+    else:
+        print(render_report(result))
+
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())

scripts/lrc2srt.py

@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+"""Convert LRC lyrics to SRT subtitles.
+
+LRC is the timestamped-lyrics format most lyric sites and players emit. This
+converter handles the shapes that actually show up in the wild:
+
+* ``[mm:ss.xx]`` and ``[mm:ss.xxx]`` timestamps, and bare ``[mm:ss]``
+* several timestamps on one line (``[00:05.00][00:30.00]chorus``), which is how
+  repeated sections are written
+* ID tags (``[ti:Title]``, ``[ar:Artist]``, ``[offset:+250]``), which are
+  metadata, not lyrics
+* multiple timestamped lines sharing one timestamp, which SRT wants as one cue
+  with two subtitle lines
+
+Cue end times are inferred from the next cue's start, so the timing is driven by
+the LRC rather than invented. The final cue gets ``--last-duration`` seconds.
+
+Usage::
+
+    python3 scripts/lrc2srt.py song.lrc                    # -> song.srt
+    python3 scripts/lrc2srt.py song.lrc -o subs/song.srt
+    python3 scripts/lrc2srt.py lyrics/*.lrc --out-dir build/
+    python3 scripts/lrc2srt.py song.lrc --stdout           # write to stdout
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+
+if __package__ in (None, ""):
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+    from _common import (  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+        Die,
+        Report,
+        add_common_arguments,
+        main_wrapper,
+    )
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from ._common import (
+        Die,
+        Report,
+        add_common_arguments,
+        main_wrapper,
+    )
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Parsing
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+#: ``[mm:ss.xx]`` / ``[mm:ss.xxx]`` / ``[mm:ss]``, anywhere in a line.
+TIMESTAMP_RE = re.compile(r"\[(?P<m>\d{1,3}):(?P<s>\d{1,2})(?:[.:](?P<frac>\d{1,3}))?\]")
+
+#: ``[ti:...]`` / ``[ar:...]`` / ``[offset:...]`` — an identifier, not a time.
+TAG_RE = re.compile(r"^\[(?P<key>[A-Za-z#]+):(?P<value>.*)\]\s*$")
+
+#: Keys whose value is a signed millisecond count, not a timestamp.
+META_KEYS = {
+    "ti", "al", "ar", "au", "by", "re", "ve", "length", "offset", "encoding", "tool", "id",
+}
+
+
+@dataclass
+class LyricLine:
+    timestamp: float
+    text: str
+
+
+@dataclass
+class LrcDocument:
+    lines: list[LyricLine] = field(default_factory=list)
+    metadata: dict[str, str] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    offset_ms: int = 0
+
+    @property
+    def title(self) -> str | None:
+        return self.metadata.get("ti")
+
+    @property
+    def artist(self) -> str | None:
+        return self.metadata.get("ar")
+
+
+def parse_timestamp(minutes: str, seconds: str, fraction: str | None) -> float:
+    """Turn LRC timestamp parts into seconds.
+
+    The fractional part is centiseconds in the common case (``.30`` = 300 ms) but
+    milliseconds when three digits are given (``.300`` = 300 ms). The length of
+    the field disambiguates.
+    """
+    total = int(minutes) * 60 + int(seconds)
+
+    if fraction:
+        if len(fraction) == 3:
+            total += int(fraction) / 1000
+        else:
+            total += int(fraction) / 100
+
+    return total
+
+
+def parse_lrc(content: str) -> LrcDocument:
+    """Parse LRC text into a document, sorted by timestamp."""
+    if content.startswith("\ufeff"):
+        content = content[1:]
+
+    content = content.replace("\r\n", "\n").replace("\r", "\n")
+
+    document = LrcDocument()
+
+    for raw in content.split("\n"):
+        line = raw.strip()
+        if not line:
+            continue
+
+        # Metadata tags first: [ti:...] looks a lot like [00:12] to a loose regex.
+        tag = TAG_RE.match(line)
+        if tag and tag.group("key").lower() in META_KEYS:
+            key = tag.group("key").lower()
+            value = tag.group("value").strip()
+            if key == "offset":
+                try:
+                    document.offset_ms = int(value)
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+            else:
+                document.metadata[key] = value
+            continue
+
+        stamps = list(TIMESTAMP_RE.finditer(line))
+        if not stamps:
+            # An untimed line. Attach it to the previous cue as a continuation
+            # line rather than discarding the lyric entirely.
+            if document.lines:
+                previous = document.lines[-1]
+                previous.text = f"{previous.text}\n{line}"
+            continue
+
+        text = TIMESTAMP_RE.sub("", line).strip()
+
+        for stamp in stamps:
+            document.lines.append(
+                LyricLine(
+                    timestamp=parse_timestamp(
+                        stamp.group("m"), stamp.group("s"), stamp.group("frac")
+                    ),
+                    text=text,
+                )
+            )
+
+    if document.offset_ms:
+        shift = document.offset_ms / 1000
+        for line in document.lines:
+            line.timestamp = max(0.0, line.timestamp + shift)
+
+    document.lines.sort(key=lambda l: l.timestamp)
+
+    return document
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# SRT output
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Cue:
+    index: int
+    start: float
+    end: float
+    lines: list[str]
+
+
+def format_srt_time(seconds: float) -> str:
+    """Seconds to SRT ``HH:MM:SS,mmm``."""
+    if seconds < 0:
+        seconds = 0.0
+
+    total_ms = int(round(seconds * 1000))
+    hours, remainder = divmod(total_ms, 3_600_000)
+    minutes, remainder = divmod(remainder, 60_000)
+    secs, millis = divmod(remainder, 1000)
+
+    return f"{hours:02d}:{minutes:02d}:{secs:02d},{millis:03d}"
+
+
+def build_cues(
+    lines: list[LyricLine],
+    *,
+    last_duration: float = 5.0,
+    min_duration: float = 0.5,
+) -> list[Cue]:
+    """Group simultaneous lines into cues and infer each cue's end time.
+
+    Lines sharing one timestamp become a single cue with several subtitle lines —
+    the format singers actually expect for a two-line phrase. A cue ends when the
+    *next distinct* timestamp arrives.
+    """
+    if not lines:
+        return []
+
+    # Collapse lines with identical timestamps into one cue.
+    groups: list[tuple[float, list[str]]] = []
+    for line in lines:
+        if groups and abs(groups[-1][0] - line.timestamp) < 1e-6:
+            groups[-1][1].append(line.text)
+        else:
+            groups.append((line.timestamp, [line.text]))
+
+    cues: list[Cue] = []
+    for i, (start, text_lines) in enumerate(groups):
+        if i + 1 < len(groups):
+            end = groups[i + 1][0]
+            if end - start < min_duration:
+                end = start + min_duration
+        else:
+            end = start + last_duration
+
+        cues.append(Cue(index=i + 1, start=start, end=end, lines=text_lines))
+
+    return cues
+
+
+def render_srt(cues: list[Cue]) -> str:
+    blocks = []
+    for cue in cues:
+        body = "\n".join(cue.lines)
+        blocks.append(
+            f"{cue.index}\n{format_srt_time(cue.start)} --> {format_srt_time(cue.end)}\n{body}"
+        )
+
+    return "\n\n".join(blocks) + "\n"
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# CLI
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+def build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="lrc2srt",
+        description="Convert LRC lyrics to SRT subtitles.",
+        epilog="Multiple timestamps on one line are expanded; ID tags are ignored.",
+    )
+    add_common_arguments(parser)
+
+    parser.add_argument("inputs", nargs="+", metavar="INPUT", help="LRC file(s) to convert")
+    parser.add_argument("-o", "--output", metavar="FILE", help="output path (single input only)")
+    parser.add_argument("--out-dir", metavar="DIR", help="write every output into this directory")
+    parser.add_argument("--stdout", action="store_true", help="write the SRT to stdout, no file")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--last-duration",
+        type=float,
+        default=5.0,
+        metavar="SECONDS",
+        help="how long to hold the final line (default: 5)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--min-duration",
+        type=float,
+        default=0.5,
+        metavar="SECONDS",
+        help="shortest cue allowed (default: 0.5)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--title",
+        help="override the SRT's implicit title (used for reporting only)",
+    )
+
+    return parser
+
+
+def convert(src: str, args: argparse.Namespace, report: Report) -> tuple[int, str | None]:
+    try:
+        with open(src, "r", encoding="utf-8-sig", errors="replace") as handle:
+            content = handle.read()
+    except OSError as exc:
+        raise Die(f"cannot read {src}: {exc.strerror}") from exc
+
+    document = parse_lrc(content)
+
+    if not document.lines:
+        raise Die(f"{src}: no timestamped lyrics found — is this an LRC file?")
+
+    cues = build_cues(
+        document.lines,
+        last_duration=args.last_duration,
+        min_duration=args.min_duration,
+    )
+    output = render_srt(cues)
+
+    if args.stdout:
+        sys.stdout.write(output)
+        return len(cues), None
+
+    if args.output:
+        dest = args.output
+    elif args.out_dir:
+        dest = os.path.join(args.out_dir, os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(src))[0] + ".srt")
+    else:
+        dest = os.path.splitext(src)[0] + ".srt"
+
+    if args.dry_run:
+        report.info(f"[dry-run] would write {dest} ({len(cues)} cues)")
+        return len(cues), dest
+
+    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(dest)), exist_ok=True)
+    with open(dest, "w", encoding="utf-8", newline="\n") as handle:
+        handle.write(output)
+
+    label = document.title or os.path.basename(src)
+    report.ok(f"{label} -> {dest} ({len(cues)} cues)")
+
+    if document.artist:
+        report.verbose(f"artist: {document.artist}")
+    if document.offset_ms:
+        report.verbose(f"applied LRC offset of {document.offset_ms:+d} ms")
+
+    return len(cues), dest
+
+
+@main_wrapper
+def main() -> int:
+    args = build_parser().parse_args()
+    report = Report(quiet=args.quiet)
+
+    if args.output and len(args.inputs) > 1:
+        raise Die("--output takes a single input; use --out-dir for batches")
+    if args.stdout and len(args.inputs) > 1:
+        raise Die("--stdout takes a single input")
+
+    total = 0
+    converted = 0
+    for src in args.inputs:
+        if not os.path.isfile(src):
+            raise Die(f"no such file: {src}")
+
+        cues, _dest = convert(src, args, report)
+        total += cues
+        converted += 1
+
+    if converted > 1:
+        report.info(f"{total} cues across {converted} file(s)")
+
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())

scripts/srt2ass.py

@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+"""Convert an SRT subtitle file to ASS (Advanced SubStation Alpha).
+
+Stdlib only. Handles the constructs that actually appear in song subtitles:
+multi-line cues, ``{\\an8}``-style override blocks passed through untouched,
+and the SRT quirks (CRLF, BOM, cue numbers, blank-line separators).
+
+Usage::
+
+    python3 scripts/srt2ass.py song.srt song.ass
+    python3 scripts/srt2ass.py lyrics/*.srt --out-dir build/  # batch
+    python3 scripts/srt2ass.py song.srt --style-font "Noto Sans" --style-size 64
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+if __package__ in (None, ""):
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+    from _common import (  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+        Die,
+        Report,
+        add_common_arguments,
+        glob_files,
+        main_wrapper,
+    )
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    from ._common import (
+        Die,
+        Report,
+        add_common_arguments,
+        glob_files,
+        main_wrapper,
+    )
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Timestamps
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+_SRT_TIME_RE = re.compile(
+    r"(?P<h>\d{1,2}):(?P<m>\d{2}):(?P<s>\d{2})[,.](?P<ms>\d{1,3})"
+)
+
+
+def parse_srt_time(stamp: str) -> float:
+    """``00:01:02,500`` (or ``00:01:02.5``) to seconds."""
+    match = _SRT_TIME_RE.search(stamp.strip())
+    if not match:
+        raise Die(f"unparseable SRT timestamp: {stamp!r}")
+
+    ms = match.group("ms").ljust(3, "0")[:3]
+
+    return (
+        int(match.group("h")) * 3600
+        + int(match.group("m")) * 60
+        + int(match.group("s"))
+        + int(ms) / 1000
+    )
+
+
+def format_ass_time(seconds: float) -> str:
+    """Seconds to ASS ``H:MM:SS.cc`` (centiseconds, single-digit hour)."""
+    if seconds < 0:
+        seconds = 0.0
+
+    total_cs = int(round(seconds * 100))
+    hours, remainder = divmod(total_cs, 360_000)
+    minutes, remainder = divmod(remainder, 6_000)
+    secs, centis = divmod(remainder, 100)
+
+    return f"{hours}:{minutes:02d}:{secs:02d}.{centis:02d}"
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# Parsing
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Cue:
+    index: int
+    start: float
+    end: float
+    lines: list[str]
+
+    def text(self, line_sep: str = r"\N") -> str:
+        return line_sep.join(self.lines)
+
+
+def strip_bom(text: str) -> str:
+    return text[1:] if text.startswith("\ufeff") else text
+
+
+def parse_srt(content: str) -> list[Cue]:
+    """Parse SRT text into cues. Tolerates CRLF, BOM, and missing cue numbers."""
+    content = strip_bom(content).replace("\r\n", "\n").replace("\r", "\n")
+    blocks = re.split(r"\n\s*\n", content)
+
+    cues: list[Cue] = []
+    auto_index = 0
+
+    for block in blocks:
+        lines = block.strip("\n").split("\n")
+        if not lines or not any(line.strip() for line in lines):
+            continue
+
+        index: int | None = None
+        if lines[0].strip().isdigit():
+            index = int(lines[0].strip())
+            lines = lines[1:]
+
+        if not lines:
+            continue
+
+        if "-->" not in lines[0]:
+            # Not a cue (stray header, WEBVTT marker, ...). Skip it quietly.
+            continue
+
+        start_raw, _, end_raw = lines[0].partition("-->")
+        start = parse_srt_time(start_raw)
+        end = parse_srt_time(end_raw)
+
+        body = [line for line in lines[1:] if line.strip()]
+        if not body:
+            # A cue with a timestamp but no text: pure gap in the lyrics. Emitting
+            # it would produce an empty subtitle block, so drop it — the previous
+            # cue simply holds until the next one.
+            continue
+
+        auto_index += 1
+        cues.append(Cue(index=index or auto_index, start=start, end=end, lines=body))
+
+    return cues
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# ASS output
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+#: ASS uses US-ASCII-with-code-page-1252 in practice; karaoke/Japanese needs 1.
+ASS_CODEPAGES = {
+    "ascii": 0,
+    "latin1": 0,
+    "cp1252": 0,
+    "shift_jis": 1,
+    "sjis": 1,
+    "gbk": 134,
+    "utf-8": 1,
+    "utf8": 1,
+}
+
+ASS_HEADER = """[Script Info]
+; Generated by scripts/srt2ass.py — edit the source SRT, not this file.
+Title: {title}
+ScriptType: v4.00+
+WrapStyle: {wrap_style}
+ScaledBorderAndShadow: yes
+YCbCr Matrix: TV.709
+PlayResX: {width}
+PlayResY: {height}
+
+[V4+ Styles]
+Format: Name, Fontname, Fontsize, PrimaryColour, SecondaryColour, OutlineColour, BackColour, Bold, Italic, Underline, StrikeOut, ScaleX, ScaleY, Spacing, Angle, BorderStyle, Outline, Shadow, Alignment, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Encoding
+Style: Default,{font},{size},{primary},{secondary},{outline_colour},{back},{bold},{italic},0,0,100,100,{spacing},0,1,{border},{shadow},{alignment},{margin_l},{margin_r},{margin_v},{encoding}
+
+[Events]
+Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
+"""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class AssStyle:
+    """The subset of the Default style we expose on the CLI."""
+
+    font: str = "Arial"
+    size: int = 48
+    primary: str = "&H00FFFFFF"  # white, fully opaque
+    secondary: str = "&H000000FF"
+    outline_colour: str = "&H00000000"
+    back: str = "&H00000000"
+    bold: int = -1
+    italic: int = 0
+    spacing: float = 0.0
+    border: float = 2.0
+    shadow: float = 1.0
+    alignment: int = 2  # 2 = bottom centre
+    margin_l: int = 40
+    margin_r: int = 40
+    margin_v: int = 60
+    encoding: int = 1
+
+
+def render_ass(
+    cues: list[Cue],
+    *,
+    style: AssStyle,
+    width: int,
+    height: int,
+    title: str,
+    wrap_style: int = 0,
+) -> str:
+    header = ASS_HEADER.format(
+        title=title.replace("\n", " ") or "Untitled",
+        wrap_style=wrap_style,
+        width=width,
+        height=height,
+        font=style.font,
+        size=style.size,
+        primary=style.primary,
+        secondary=style.secondary,
+        outline_colour=style.outline_colour,
+        back=style.back,
+        bold=style.bold,
+        italic=style.italic,
+        spacing=style.spacing,
+        border=style.border,
+        shadow=style.shadow,
+        alignment=style.alignment,
+        margin_l=style.margin_l,
+        margin_r=style.margin_r,
+        margin_v=style.margin_v,
+        encoding=style.encoding,
+    )
+
+    events = []
+    for cue in cues:
+        text = cue.text()
+        # ASS treats commas as field separators in the Text column, but only the
+        # first 9 commas matter — ffmpeg/libass handles commas inside Text fine as
+        # long as the Format line lists Text last, which it does above.
+        events.append(
+            "Dialogue: 0,{start},{end},Default,,0,0,0,,{text}".format(
+                start=format_ass_time(cue.start),
+                end=format_ass_time(cue.end),
+                text=text,
+            )
+        )
+
+    return header + "\n".join(events) + "\n"
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+# CLI
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
+
+
+def build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="srt2ass",
+        description="Convert SRT subtitles to ASS, ready for ffmpeg's ass= filter.",
+        epilog=(
+            "Then bake with:  ffmpeg -vf \"ass=out.ass\" -i in.mp4 ...  "
+            "(or scripts/ffmpeg_tools.py bake)"
+        ),
+    )
+    add_common_arguments(parser)
+
+    parser.add_argument("inputs", nargs="+", metavar="INPUT", help="SRT file(s) to convert")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-o",
+        "--output",
+        metavar="FILE",
+        help="output .ass path (single input only; default: alongside the input)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--out-dir",
+        metavar="DIR",
+        help="write every output into this directory (created if missing)",
+    )
+
+    style = parser.add_argument_group("style")
+    style.add_argument("--style-font", default="Arial", help="font name (default: Arial)")
+    style.add_argument("--style-size", type=int, default=48, help="font size (default: 48)")
+    style.add_argument(
+        "--style-alignment",
+        type=int,
+        default=2,
+        choices=range(1, 10),
+        metavar="N",
+        help="ASS numpad alignment 1-9 (default: 2, bottom centre)",
+    )
+    style.add_argument("--style-margin-v", type=int, default=60, help="vertical margin (default: 60)")
+    style.add_argument("--style-outline", type=float, default=2.0, help="outline width (default: 2)")
+    style.add_argument("--style-shadow", type=float, default=1.0, help="shadow depth (default: 1)")
+    style.add_argument("--style-bold", action=argparse.BooleanOptionalAction, default=True)
+    style.add_argument("--style-italic", action=argparse.BooleanOptionalAction, default=False)
+
+    canvas = parser.add_argument_group("canvas")
+    canvas.add_argument("--width", type=int, default=1920, help="PlayResX (default: 1920)")
+    canvas.add_argument("--height", type=int, default=1080, help="PlayResY (default: 1080)")
+    canvas.add_argument(
+        "--title",
+        default=None,
+        help="ASS Title field (default: the output filename)",
+    )
+
+    return parser
+
+
+def convert_one(src: str, dest: str, args: argparse.Namespace, report: Report) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    try:
+        with open(src, "r", encoding="utf-8-sig", errors="replace") as handle:
+            content = handle.read()
+    except OSError as exc:
+        raise Die(f"cannot read {src}: {exc.strerror}") from exc
+
+    cues = parse_srt(content)
+    if not cues:
+        report.warn(f"{src}: no cues parsed — is this really an SRT file?")
+
+    style = AssStyle(
+        font=args.style_font,
+        size=args.style_size,
+        alignment=args.style_alignment,
+        margin_v=args.style_margin_v,
+        border=args.style_outline,
+        shadow=args.style_shadow,
+        bold=-1 if args.style_bold else 0,
+        italic=-1 if args.style_italic else 0,
+    )
+
+    title = args.title or os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(dest))[0]
+    document = render_ass(
+        cues,
+        style=style,
+        width=args.width,
+        height=args.height,
+        title=title,
+    )
+
+    if args.dry_run:
+        report.info(f"[dry-run] would write {dest} ({len(cues)} cues)")
+        return len(cues), 0
+
+    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(dest)), exist_ok=True)
+    with open(dest, "w", encoding="utf-8", newline="\n") as handle:
+        handle.write(document)
+
+    report.ok(f"{src} -> {dest} ({len(cues)} cues)")
+
+    return len(cues), 0
+
+
+@main_wrapper
+def main() -> int:
+    args = build_parser().parse_args()
+    report = Report(quiet=args.quiet)
+
+    if args.output and len(args.inputs) > 1:
+        raise Die("--output takes a single input; use --out-dir for batches")
+
+    total = 0
+    for src in args.inputs:
+        if not os.path.isfile(src):
+            raise Die(f"no such file: {src}")
+
+        stem = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(src))[0]
+
+        if args.output:
+            dest = args.output
+        elif args.out_dir:
+            dest = os.path.join(args.out_dir, stem + ".ass")
+        else:
+            dest = os.path.splitext(src)[0] + ".ass"
+
+        cues, _ = convert_one(src, dest, args, report)
+        total += cues
+
+    if len(args.inputs) > 1:
+        report.info(f"{total} cues across {len(args.inputs)} file(s)")
+
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())

scripts/tools.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Unified entry point for the NCMR songs-videos helper tools.
+
+Dispatches to a sibling script, forwards all remaining arguments, and keeps the
+exit status. Use whichever feels natural — this dispatcher, or the script
+directly.
+
+    python3 scripts/tools.py --help
+    python3 scripts/tools.py hwprobe
+    python3 scripts/tools.py tools lrc2srt song.lrc -o song.srt
+
+The same thing, called directly:
+
+    python3 scripts/hwprobe.py
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import runpy
+import sys
+
+HERE = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+
+#: name -> (module filename, one-line summary)
+TOOLS: dict[str, tuple[str, str]] = {
+    "hwprobe": ("hwprobe.py", "which ffmpeg encoders this machine can actually use"),
+    "ffmpeg": ("ffmpeg_tools.py", "mux, bake subtitles, build still-image videos, strip audio"),
+    "lrc2srt": ("lrc2srt.py", "convert LRC lyrics to SRT"),
+    "srt2ass": ("srt2ass.py", "convert SRT subtitles to ASS"),
+    "bom": ("bom_gen.py", "generate the untracked-asset bill of materials"),
+}
+
+ALIASES = {
+    "ffmpeg_tools": "ffmpeg",
+    "ffmpeg-tools": "ffmpeg",
+    "bom_gen": "bom",
+    "lrc": "lrc2srt",
+    "srt": "srt2ass",
+}
+
+
+def usage(stream=sys.stdout) -> None:
+    print("usage: tools.py <tool> [options] [-- <tool options>]", file=stream)
+    print("       tools.py --help | --list", file=stream)
+    print(file=stream)
+    print("tools:", file=stream)
+    width = max(len(name) for name in TOOLS)
+    for name, (_filename, summary) in TOOLS.items():
+        print(f"  {name.ljust(width)}  {summary}", file=stream)
+    print(file=stream)
+    print("Every tool also runs standalone: python3 scripts/<name>.py --help", file=stream)
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
+    argv = list(sys.argv[1:] if argv is None else argv)
+
+    if not argv or argv[0] in ("-h", "--help", "help", "list", "--list"):
+        usage(stream=sys.stderr if not argv else sys.stdout)
+        return 0 if argv else 2
+
+    name = ALIASES.get(argv[0], argv[0])
+    if name not in TOOLS:
+        print(f"tools.py: unknown tool {argv[0]!r}", file=sys.stderr)
+        print(file=sys.stderr)
+        usage(stream=sys.stderr)
+        return 2
+
+    filename, _summary = TOOLS[name]
+    path = os.path.join(HERE, filename)
+
+    if not os.path.isfile(path):
+        print(f"tools.py: {filename} is missing from {HERE}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+    remaining = argv[1:]
+    if remaining and remaining[0] == "--":
+        remaining = remaining[1:]
+
+    sys.argv = [path, *remaining]
+
+    # run_path gives the child the same process, so its exit code is ours.
+    try:
+        runpy.run_path(path, run_name="__main__")
+    except SystemExit as exc:
+        code = exc.code
+        if code is None:
+            return 0
+        if isinstance(code, int):
+            return code
+        print(code, file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())

src/Composition.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import { CalculateMetadataFunction, Composition } from "remotion";
+
+type Props = {};
+
+const calculateMetadata: CalculateMetadataFunction<Props> = () => {
+  return {};
+};
+
+export const MyComposition = () => {
+  return (
+    <Composition
+      id="MyComp"
+      component={MyComponent}
+      durationInFrames={60}
+      fps={30}
+      width={1280}
+      height={720}
+      calculateMetadata={calculateMetadata}
+    />
+  );
+};
+
+export const MyComponent: React.FC<Props> = () => {
+  return null;
+};

src/Root.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import "./index.css";
+import { MyComposition } from "./Composition";
+
+export const RemotionRoot: React.FC = () => {
+  return (
+    <>
+      <MyComposition />
+    </>
+  );
+};

src/index.css

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+@import "tailwindcss";

src/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import { registerRoot } from "remotion";
+import { RemotionRoot } from "./Root";
+
+registerRoot(RemotionRoot);

tsconfig.json

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2018",
+    "module": "Preserve",
+    "moduleResolution": "Bundler",
+    "jsx": "react-jsx",
+    "strict": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "lib": ["es2015"],
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
+    "noUnusedLocals": true
+  },
+  "exclude": ["remotion.config.ts"]
+}